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'A-Like' tumor antigens
[[Pathology]] ====See Also==== * [[Aberrent glycosylation in malignant and pre-malignant states]] * [[Forssman . . . have been described in cancer ({{Hakomori, S.I. (1996) Tumor malignancy defined by aberrant glycosylation . . . metabolism. Cancer Res., 56, 5309–5318}}, {{Kim, Y.J. and Varki, A. (1997) Perspective . . . altered glycosylation in cancer. Glycoconj. J., 14, 569–576}}). For the most part, the biological . . . and its significance is unclear ({{Hakomori, S. (1999) Antigen structure and genetic basis of histo-blood . . .
16K - last updated 2006-06-30 17:45 UTC by PeterDAdamo
1
Describe the new page here. . . .
1K - last updated 2024-04-27 06:45 UTC
19q13.3
[[Polymorphism]] ====See Also==== * [[Locus]] * [[Allele]] * [[H-h blood group system]] ====Description==== . . . under control of two linked genes on gene locus 19q13, another [[Haplotype]]: a [[mutation]] ([http://www.dadamo.com/wiki/wiki.pl/Single_nucleotide_polymorphisms_(SNPs) . . . the cell surface antigen-related ones). 19q13 has 288 verified genes related to this [[locus]], . . . even more than the ABO locus. Chromosome 19 has the highest gene density of all human chromosomes, . . . the humoral vs. the cellular response (TH1 and TH2). Other potentially genes on this chromosome . . .
3K - last updated 2006-05-13 07:08 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
A.W.F. Edwards
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[R.C. Lewontin]] * [[R.A. Fisher]] ====Description==== Anthony William . . . Fairbank Edwards (born 1935) is a British statistician, geneticist, and evolutionary . . .
2K - last updated 2006-06-05 11:50 UTC by PeterDAdamo
ABO bias in natural immunity
[[Serology]] ====See Also==== * [[Agglutination]] * [[Flocculation]] * [[Isohemagglutinin Titer]] * [[Isohemagglutinins]] . . . D'Adamo|Peter D'Adamo ND]] J. Naturopath. Med. 1991;2:11-17 ABBREVIATIONS: DTT: dithiothrehol; AHG: . . . and human specific murine antiglobulins IgG1-4. Especially high saline titers and strong antiglobulin . . . anti-A and iso anti-A or iso anti-B. J. Immunol. 1960;85:640-7}}) qualified physicochemical differences . . . sedimentation coefficients (IgG) and (ii) gamma 1 -globulins with S19 sedimentation coefficients (IgM). . . .
18K - last updated 2006-05-11 15:54 UTC by PeterDAdamo
AB Isogenes
[[Paleoserology]] ====See Also==== * [[Clines]] * [[Frequencies of blood groups O, A, B, and AB in typical . . . * [[William Boyd]] In the map (Figs. 1 and 2) are shown the results of blood grouping determinations . . . state. http://www.dadamo.com/dadamowiki/isogene1.jpg Fig.1: <i>"Isogenes" for blood group gene . . . del Fuego ({{Rahm, G., Invest. y Prog., 5, 160-162 (1931)}}) has not been confirmed on retest . . . A., G. Mostny, and L. Robin, AJPA, 4, 301-321 (1946)}},{{Santiana, A., Los Fueguinos; sus grupos . . .
8K - last updated 2019-04-17 16:35 UTC by ool-457061a0.dyn.optonline.net
Aberrent glycosylation in malignant and pre-malignant states
[[Glycomics]] ====See Also==== * [['A-Like' tumor antigens]] * [[Thomsen-Friedenreich (T-Tn) antigen]] . . . in breast cancer]] * [[Mucin]] * [[MUC1 Mucin]] * [[Cadherins]] ====Description==== Altered . . . old bottle. PNAS, August 6, 2002, vol. 99, no. 16 10231-10233}}). ====Discussion==== The earliest . . . of monoclonal antibody technology in the late 1970s, investigators in search of a “magic bullet” . . . epithelial mucin polypeptides belong to the [[MUC1 Mucin|MUC family]]. In the normal polarized epithelium, . . .
7K - last updated 2006-06-04 05:43 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Agglutinate
[[Lectinology]] ====See Also==== * [[Antibody]] * [[Flocculation]] * [[Lectins]] * [[Precipitin]] * [[Serology]] . . . Two bacteriologists, [[Herbert Edward Durham]] (-1945) and [[Max von Gruber]] (1853-1927), discovered . . . specific agglutination in 1896. The clumping became known as Gruber-Durham reaction. . . . French physician Fernand Widal (1862-1929) put Gruber and Durham's discovery to practical . . . use later in 1896, using the reaction as the basis for a test for . . .
4K - last updated 2006-07-11 05:39 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Alanine
[[Biochemistry]] ====See Also==== ====Description==== '''Alanine''' (Ala) also 2-aminopropanoic acid . . . for 7.8% of the primary structure in a sample of 1,150 proteins ({{Doolittle RF (1989). "Redundancies . . .
3K - last updated 2006-08-20 06:41 UTC by TomGreenfield
Albert Neuberger
[[Glycomics]] ====Biography==== 1908-1996 Albert Neuberger was one of the most distinguished leaders . . . green plants. A landmark paper he published in 1938, showing that in ovalbumin, a protein from chicken . . .
1K - last updated 2006-05-03 19:52 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Alexander Wiener
[[Serology]] * [[Fisher-Race Theory of Rhesus Inheritance]] * [[Wiener Theory of Rhesus Inheritance]] . . . Information==== Dr. Alexander S. Wiener (1907-1976), was an outstanding leader in the fields . . . work led to discovery of the Rh factor in 1937, along with Dr. Karl Landsteiner, and subsequently . . . by the time he and Dr. Landsteiner published in 1940, Dr. Wiener was able to demonstrate the role of . . . has multiple alleles. For example, one gene R1 produces one agglutinogen (antigen) Rh1 which is . . .
3K - last updated 2006-05-31 17:48 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Alexandre Mikhailovich Besredka
[[Serology]] ====Biography==== Alexandre Mikhailovich Besredka was the son of a professor of foreign . . . languages. From 1888 to 1892 he studied biology in Odessa, where the . . . counted, among others, Ilya Ilich Mechnikov (1845-1916), Nikolaus von Kowalesky (1840-1891), and . . . busy in the laboratory of N. Zelinsky. In 1892 he presented his thesis for doctor of sciences: . . . "Evolution de la conception stereochimique". In 1893 he left Russia for Paris and began working with . . .
4K - last updated 2006-04-17 19:27 UTC by dhcp64-134-129-168.wbt.phx.wayport.net
Allele
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Allele]] * [[Chromosome]] * [[DNA]] * [[Genotype]] * [[Genetic architecture]] . . . (see [[Hardy-Weinberg principle]]): Equation 1:p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 Equation 2: p + q = 1 Where p is . . . Natural selection can act on p and q in Equation 1, and obviously affect the frequency of alleles seen . . . the first (or vice versa) since p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 implies (p + q)2 = 1 and p and q are positive numbers. . . .
5K - last updated 2006-05-27 14:57 UTC by TomGreenfield
Allergens, Dietary
[[Immunology]] ====See Also==== * [[Allergy]] * [[Allergy, ABO Blood Group and Secretor Status]] ====Description==== . . . of food allergies has increased in the last 15 years. This may have resulted from a variety of . . .
4K - last updated 2006-06-02 06:50 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Allergy
[[Immunology]] ====See Also==== * [[Basophils and Mast Cells]] * [[Immunoglobulin E]] * [[Leukotrienes]] . . . contains high titre anti-banana lectin (BanLec-1) IgG4. Lectins can modulate IgE responses to other . . . Dietary lectins can induce . . . the release of IL-4 and IL-13 from human basophils]. Dietary lectins are known . . . 35] bind to IgE receptors. ====References==== 1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2002 Apr;59(4):648-64 2. Trends . . .
6K - last updated 2006-05-31 07:27 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Allergy, ABO Blood Group and Secretor Status
[[Pathology]] ====See Also==== * [[Allergens, Dietary]] * [[Allergy]] * [[Atopy]] * [[Basophils and Mast . . . can induce in vitro release of IL-4 and IL-13 from human basophils.Eur J Immunol. 1999 Mar;29(3):918-27. . . . pseudoallergic reactions]. Pol Merkuriusz Lek. 1999 Jan;6(31):37-40}},{{Sanchez-Monge R, Blanco C, . . . as fruit class I chitinases. Clin Exp Allergy 1999 May;29(5):673-80}},{{Fahlbusch B, Rudeschko O, . . . allergens. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 1998 Nov-Dec;8(6):325-32}}) Lectins from pea, broad . . .
7K - last updated 2006-06-02 07:22 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT)
[[Physiology]] ====See Also==== * [[Serum pepsinogen levels and ABO blood groups]] (one study reports . . . lower levels of serum Alpha 1-antitrypsin in blood group O) * [[Serpins]] ====Description==== . . . Alpha 1-antitrypsin or α1-antitrypsin (A1AT) is . . . a serine protease inhibitor (serpin).[1] It protects tissue from enzymes from inflammatory . . . elastase, and is present in human blood at 1.5 - 3.5 gram/liter. ====Function==== A1AT is a 52 . . .
4K - last updated 2006-05-27 14:58 UTC by TomGreenfield
Alternate Complement Pathway
[[Serology]] ====See Also==== * [[Collectins]] * [[Complement System]] ====Description==== The complement . . . system is made up of a series of 18 plasma proteins that are sequentially activated . . . activation pathway comprises the components C1, C4 and C2 and is dependent on the interaction of . . .
4K - last updated 2006-11-27 18:19 UTC by ool-43560645.dyn.optonline.net
Amino Sugar
[[Glycomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Carbohydrate]] * [[Glycans]] ====Description==== A [[monosaccharide]], . . . hydroxyls are replaced by an amino group. In 1875 a young physician named George Ledderhose was . . . the amino sugar by Emil Fischer and H. Leuchs in 1903 the problem of its structure appeared to have . . . was unequivocally established, however, only in 1939, when Norman Haworth achieved an unambiguous synthesis . . . amino sugar, galactosamine, was isolated in 1914 by P. A. Levene and Frederick B. La Forge at the . . .
3K - last updated 2006-06-02 06:35 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Anti-adhesion therapy
[[Pharmacology]] ====See Also==== * [[Lectins]] * [[Fucus vesiculosis (Bladderwrack)]] ====Abstracts==== . . . FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2003 Oct 15;38:181-91 Itzhak Ofek, David L Hasty, Nathan Sharon . . . [http://www-biology.ucsd.edu/classes/bimm124.SP06/anti_adhsn_thrpy.pdf PDF] <include "Importance . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-10 11:09 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Antigen, ABH
[[Immunology]] ====See Also==== * [[Blood group antigen proteins (chart)]] * [[Antigen]] * [[ABO Antibodies]] . . . structures of A and B antigens, GalNAc alpha1->3 (Fuc alpha1->2) Gal- and Gal alpha1->3 . . . (Fuc alpha1->2) Gal-, respectively, are synthesized by a series . . . the acceptor substrate, (H antigen: Fuc alpha1->2 Gal-) remains without a further modification . . . acid ([[sialic acid]]), generally less than 1% but occasionally as much as 18 % is found in many . . .
21K - last updated 2006-06-30 16:34 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Aquired B Phenotype
[[Immunology]] ====Description==== Acquired B state should be considered when the serum of a patient . . . ====Discussion==== To confirm that group A1 RBCs carry the acquired B structure: * Check the . . .
2K - last updated 2006-04-19 20:35 UTC by ool-435621f6.dyn.optonline.net
Arabinoglactan
[[Pharmacology]] ====See Also==== * [[Fucoidan]] ====Description==== Larch arabinogalactan refers to . . . weights as low as 3,000 daltons and as high as 100,000 daltons. http://www.foodnews.ch/x-plainmefood/20_lebensmittel/images/agar.gif . . . L-arabinose residues in the form of a beta-D-(1-3)-galactan main chain with side chains made up of . . . slight pine-like odor and sweetish taste. It is 100% water-soluble and produces low viscosity solutions. . . .
3K - last updated 2006-04-20 02:29 UTC by ool-435621f6.dyn.optonline.net
Archaeogenetics
'''Archaeogenetics''' refers to the application of the techniques of molecular population genetics to . . . and [[A.E. Mourant|Arthur Mourant]]. From the 1960s onwards, [[Luigi Cavalli-Sforza|Luca Cavalli-Sforza]] . . . ''The History and Geography of Human Genes'' in 1994. . . .
1K - last updated 2007-04-21 22:38 UTC by TomGreenfield
Argininosuccinate synthase
[[Biochemistry]] ====See Also==== * [[Nitric Oxide]] * [[Mutation]] ====Description==== Argininosuccinate . . . SY, Daiger SP, Beaudet AL, O'Brien WE Genomics 1989 Oct;5(3):442-444 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, . . . with a recombination fraction of 0.04 (0.005-0.11). A multilocus lod score analysis with these seven . . . indicated that ASS maps between ABL and MCT136 close to ABO, but it is uncertain if ASS is centromeric . . . * D'Adamo, P. AANP Lectures, Boston MA 1999 . . .
4K - last updated 2006-05-13 23:45 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Asimov, Isaac
[[Paleoserology]] http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/11/AsimovOnThrone.png/300px-AsimovOnThrone.png . . . Information==== Dr. Isaac Asimov (c. January 2, 1920 – April 6, 1992) Asimov was born around January . . . 2, 1920 in what is now known as Russia to Anna Rachel . . . York. He graduated from Columbia University in 1939 then earned a Ph.D. in biochemistry there in 1948. . . . which he remained associated thereafter. After 1958, it was in a non-teaching capacity since he became . . .
7K - last updated 2006-05-30 02:15 UTC by Arlene Holloman
Association analysis of common variants of STAT6, GATA3, and STAT4 to asthma and high serum IgE phenotypes.
[[References]] ====Association analysis of common variants of STAT6, GATA3, and STAT4 to asthma and high . . . phenotypes.==== J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005 Jan;115(1):80-7. Pykalainen M, Kinos R, Valkonen S, Rydman . . . of naive CD4 + T cells into either T H 1 or T H 2 type. OBJECTIVE: We studied genetic variation . . . exons and exon-intron boundaries of the genes in 14 to 22 patients. All identified SNPs were genotyped . . . in 120 nuclear families, and the haplotypes were analyzed . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-12 09:23 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Association between secretor status and respiratory viral illness
[[References]] ====Association between secretor status and respiratory viral illness==== Raza MW, Blackwell . . . James VS, Ogilvie MM, Inglis JM, Weir DM. BMJ. 1991 Oct 5;303(6806):815-8. * OBJECTIVE--To determine . . . Le(b) secretor). SUBJECTS--Patients aged 1 month to 90 years in hospital with respiratory virus . . . (congruence between results on ELISA testing of 1155 saliva samples from a previous study and previously . . . RESULTS--Agreement between HAI and ELISA for 1155 saliva samples was 97%. Lewis antigens were detected . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-04 22:57 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Associations between atopic diseases and the polymorphic systems ABO, Kidd, Inv and red cell acid phosphatase
[[References]] ====Associations between atopic diseases and the polymorphic systems ABO, Kidd, Inv and . . . red cell acid phosphatase==== Hum Genet. 1979 Jul 18;49(3):337-48. Brachtel R, Walter H, Beck . . . the phenotype and gene distribution of 15 genetic blood polymorphisms (ABO, MNSs, rhesus, . . . P, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, Hp, Gc, Gm, Inv, aP, PGM1, EsD, and 6-PGD) were analyzed and compared with . . . those in 151 selected controls (individuals clinically free . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-12 10:16 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Average linkage tree (classical methods)
[[Paleoserology]] ====See Also==== * [[Luigi Cavalli-Sforza]] http://www.dadamo.com/wiki/pcclass.jpg . . . as Europeans as in Cavalli Sforza et al. (1988). The abscissa shows the genetic distances (modifed . . . Nei) calculated on the basis of 120 allele frequencies from the following systems: . . . A1A2B0, MNS, RH, PI, LU, KEL, FY, JK, DI, HP, TF, GC, . . . LE, LPA, PEPA, PEPB, PEPC, AG, HLAA (12 alleles), HLAB (17 alleles), P1, CP, ACPI, PGD, . . .
1K - last updated 2006-05-26 11:35 UTC by PeterDAdamo
BannedContent
([\w\-_.]+\.)?(l(so|os)tr)\.[a-z]{2,} (blow)[\w\-_.]*job[\w\-_.]*\.[a-z]{2,} (buy)[\w\-_.]*online[\w\-_.]*\.[a-z]{2,} . . . \.[0-9]{5,}\.(com|net|org|us|biz|cn|ru) 01-beltonen.com 01-klingeltoene.at 01-klingeltoene.de . . . 01-loghi.com 01-logot?.com 01-logotyper.com 01-melodias?.com . . . 01-ringe?tones?.com 01-ringe?tones?.us 01-ringsignaler.com . . . 01-soittoaanet.com 01-suonerie.com 01-toque.com 01mobile.com . . .
55K - last updated 2006-04-09 15:10 UTC by ool-435621f6.dyn.optonline.net
Base pair
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Chromosome]] * [[DNA]] * [[Gene]] * [[Genetic architecture]] * [[Nucleotide]] . . . = base pair(s) * kbp (= kb) = kilo base pairs = 1,000 bp * Mbp = mega base pairs = 1,000,000 bp * Gbp . . . = giga base pairs = 1,000,000,000 bp In case of single stranded DNA/RNA . . .
5K - last updated 2006-07-06 11:20 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Bimodal distribution
[[Concepts]] ====See Also==== * [[Arithmetric Mean]] * [[Median]] * [[Normal Distribution]] * [[Standard . . . For example, in the distribution in Figure 1, the mean and median would be about zero, but most . . . <i>Figure 1. A simple bimodal distribution, in this case the . . .
2K - last updated 2007-04-22 11:16 UTC by TomGreenfield
Blood Group Antigens as a Self-Declaration Mechanism
[[Polymorphism]] ====See Also==== * [[Antigen, ABH]] * [[Carbohydrates as Biological Markers]] * [[Blood . . . ====Description==== Folia Med (Plovdiv) 1997;39(2):5-9 Blood-group antigens have been developed . . .
1K - last updated 2006-04-20 01:10 UTC by ool-435621f6.dyn.optonline.net
Blood Groups and Anthropology
[[Paleoserology]] ====Attribution==== Excerpted from the Complete Blood Type Encyclopedia by Peter D'Adamo, . . . that produced the ABO genes are quite ancient (1) this is trivial importance with regard to the actual . . . (35-40%) versus much lower rates of groups B (4-11%) and AB (0-2%)? First, it can be said that perhaps . . . probably Mongolians, who migrated around 15,000 B.C. to the Americas. In contrast to the Basques, . . . and a high-O enclave and preventing for another 10,000 years any communication between the continents. . . .
48K - last updated 2006-05-26 06:48 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Blood Groups of Offspring Possible or Impossible from any Mating Combination
[[Polymorphism]] ====See Also==== * [[Mendelian inheritance]] ====Blood Groups of Offspring Possible . . . of Immunology, First Edition, Interscience, 1943}}) ||Scenario||Alleged Father||Known Mother||Possible . . . From This Mother in Any Mating|| ||1||0||0||0||A, B, (AB)||AB|| ||2||0||A||0, A||B, AB||-|| . . . B, AB||(0)||0|| ||9||B||0||0, B||A, (AB)||AB|| ||10||B||A||0, A, B, AB||-||-|| ||11||B||B||0, B||A, . . . AB||-|| ||12||B||AB||B. A, AB||(0)||0|| ||13||AB||0||A, B||0, . . .
2K - last updated 2006-06-19 11:21 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Blood groups and diabetes mellitus. A possible tool in the analysis of the hereditary background of diabetes mellitus
[[References]] ====Blood groups and diabetes mellitus: a possible tool in the analysis of the hereditary . . . of diabetes mellitus==== Tohoku J Exp Med. 1983 Dec;141 Suppl:295-9. Kanazawa Y, Furusho T, Nakajima . . . S, Akanuma Y, Kosaka K. * Blood groups ABO, MN, P1, Lewis and KIDD, were examined in 64 adult and 53 . . . NIDDM (n = 30), Insulin less than 20 U (n = 13) and Insulin greater than or equal to 20 U (n = . . . 21) in adults and IDDM in children (n = 53). ABO blood . . .
1K - last updated 2006-05-12 10:45 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Boyd's Report of Lectin Specificity
[[Lectinology]] ====See Also==== * [[Lectins]] * [[William Boyd]] ====Description==== Note: This is [[William . . . be blood group specific({{Annal. NY Acad. Sci. 1970 (169) 168-90}}). Not only is the story interesting, . . . including man. Stillmark,({{STILLMARK, H. 1888. Ueber Rizin, ein giffiges Ferment aus dem Samen . . . of the castor bean (Ricinus communis) in 1888. The early history of the plant agglutinins has . . . been reviewed by Krupe ({{KRUPE, M. 1956. Blutgruppenspezifische Pflazliche Eiweiss k6rper . . .
7K - last updated 2019-04-17 17:08 UTC by ool-457061a0.dyn.optonline.net
Boyd and Asimov's classification of the major clines by blood type
[[Paleoserology]] ====See Also==== * [[Isaac Asimov]] * [[William Boyd]] http://www.dadamo.com/wiki/boydmap.jpg . . . I. Races and People. Abelard-Schuman, New York. 1955}}) ====References==== . . .
1K - last updated 2007-04-22 01:24 UTC by TomGreenfield
Calcium binding atopy related auto-antigen 1 (CBARA1)
[[Nutrigenomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Atopy]] * [[Interleukin-5 (IL-5)]] * [[GATA-binding protein 3 . . . with serum IgE from AD patients, Natter et al. (1998) identified a cDNA encoding a deduced 313-amino . . . acid protein, CBARA1, which they called ARACALC (atopy-related IgE autoantigen . . . domain). Northern blot analysis detected 1.8- and 3.5-kb CBARA1 transcripts in an epithelial . . . not systemic lupus erythematosus sera with CBARA1. ====Discussion==== ====Links==== * [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=605084 . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-12 12:36 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Cancer and ABO blood groups
[[Pathology]] ====See Also==== * [['A-Like' tumor antigens]] ====Description==== The correlation between . . . had an increased likelihood of being type A (OR 1.61, p<0.01). A Japanese study compared 1,233 gastric . . . type. A study in Serbia, Yugoslavia compared 100 pancreatic cancer patients to hospital controls . . . in the pancreatic cancer group (OR 2.70, p<0.01). There was a decreased prevalence of Blood type . . . compared to controls (OR 0.25, p 0.0027). In a 1960 study published in the BMJ, Aird et. al. found . . .
9K - last updated 2006-04-29 12:44 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Carbohydrate
[[Glycomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Galactose]] * [[Mannose]] * [[Fucose]] ====Description==== Carbohydrates . . . are to be found in Moorish writings of the 12th century. http://www.dadamo.com/glucose.GIF Glucose. . . . In 1747 the German pharmacist [http://www.bartleby.com/65/ma/Marggraf.html . . . sugar was isolated by Constantine Kirchoff in 1811. Later workers established that the sugar in grapes . . . chemist [http://www.nndb.com/people/359/000104047/ Jean Baptiste Andre Dumas] gave it the name . . .
8K - last updated 2006-05-14 06:33 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Carbohydrate antigens sialyl Lewis A and sialyl Lewis X and adhesion of human cancer cells to vascular endothelium
[[References]] ====Carbohydrate antigens sialyl Lewis A and sialyl Lewis X and adhesion of human cancer . . . cells to vascular endothelium==== Cancer Res. 1993 Jan 15;53(2):354-61. Takada A, Ohmori K, Yoneda . . . for the cell adhesion molecule called ELAM-1 (E-selectin, endothelial cell leukocyte adhesion . . . molecule-1), which is present on cytokine-activated human endothelial . . . sialyl Lea, can also serve as a ligand for ELAM-1 (A. Takada, K. Ohmori, N. Takahashi, K. Tsuyuoka, . . .
3K - last updated 2006-05-04 22:42 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Carbohydrates in protein. The carbohydrate component of crystalline egg albumin
[[References]] ====Carbohydrates in protein The carbohydrate component of crystalline egg albumin==== . . . Biochem J. 1938 September; 32(9): 1435-1451. [[Albert Neuberger|A. . . . Full article in PDF file format] . . .
1K - last updated 2006-05-03 19:51 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Carcinogen
[[Pathology]] ====See Also==== * [[Mutation]] * [[Oxidative stress]] * [[Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons . . . processes. Usually cells bracken. Aflatoxin B1, which is produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus . . . classified as carcinogenic. As far back as the 1930s, industrial and tobacco smoke were identified . . . animals was chicken sarcoma virus, discovered in 1910 by Peyton Roux. CERCLA identifies all radionuclides . . . classification of carcinogens==== * Group 1: the agent (mixture) is carcinogenic to humans. The . . .
5K - last updated 2006-05-27 11:07 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Carleton S. Coon
[[Archaeogenetics]] ====See Also==== * [[Multiregional Hypothesis]] * [[Polygenism]] ====Description==== . . . Hooton and he graduated magna cum laude in 1925. http://www.dadamo.com/wiki/c-coon.jpg Coon continued . . . the first of many trips to North Africa in 1925 to conduct fieldwork in the Rif area of Morocco, . . . against the Spanish. He earned his Ph.D. in 1928 and returned to Harvard as a lecturer and later . . . professor. His work from this period included a 1939 rewrite of William Z. Ripley's 1899 <i>The . . .
4K - last updated 2006-06-10 11:35 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Carnosine
[[Pharmacology]] ====See Also==== * [[Glycation]] * [[Longevity]] ====Description==== ====Abstracts==== . . . peptide?====== Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1998 Aug;30(8):863-8. Hipkiss AR. * Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) . . . protein===== Free Radic Biol Med. 2000 May 15;28(10):1564-70. Brownson C, Hipkiss AR. * Oxidation . . . reactivity. Incubation of [(14)C]-carnosine with MG-treated ovalbumin resulted . . . diets beneficial?===== Mech Ageing Dev. 2005 Oct;126(10):1034-9. Hipkiss AR. * Non-enzymic protein glycosylation . . .
6K - last updated 2006-05-09 10:47 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Celiac Disease (Sprue), ABO and Secretor Blood Types
[[Pathology]] ====See Also==== * [[The C282Y mutation may have been positively selected as it mitigates . . . more likely to have celiac than [[secretors]] (1). This would make sense, since it has been noted . . . secretor status, and coeliac disease.==== Gut 1994 Jun;35(6):769-770 Dickey W, Wylie JD, Collins . . . an ability controlled by a single [[gene]] on [[19q13.3|chromosome 19]], are known to be at increased . . . non-secretors (Le a + b-) compared with 27% of 137 blood donors (p = 0.004: odds ratio 2.49, 95% confidence . . .
9K - last updated 2007-01-19 21:51 UTC by DonStJohn
Cephalic Index and Physical Anthropology
[[Anthropometry]] ====See Also==== * [[Blood Groups, Races and People]] * [[Blood Groups and Anthropology]] . . . or front to back), sometimes multiplied by 100 for convenience. It was defined by Swedish professor . . . of anatomy Anders Retzius (1796-1860) and first used in physical anthropology . . . since a study Franz Boas made at the turn of the 19th/20th century; however, Boas's study has recently . . . [[Isaac Asimov|Isacc Asimov Ph.D.]] Copyright 1955 Abelard-Schumann, New York From and anthropologists' . . .
31K - last updated 2006-05-25 07:24 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Changes in cell surface antigen expressions during proliferation and differentiation of human erythroid progenitors
[[References]] ====Changes in cell surface antigen expressions during proliferation and differentiation . . . of human erythroid progenitors==== Blood. 1992 Aug 1;80(3):642-50. Okumura N, Tsuji K, Nakahata . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-04 22:46 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Cholesterol and triglyceride levels, ABO blood groups and secretor status
[[Lipidomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Endothelial dysfunction]] * [[Cardiovascular disease, ABO blood groups . . . (C27H45OH) in solid form in gallstones in 1784. Most cholesterol is not dietary in origin; it . . . membrane to proton and sodium ions (Haines 2001). =====Properties===== Cholesterol is minimally soluble . . . About 20–25% of total daily production (~1 g/day) occurs in the liver; other sites of higher . . . and reproductive organs. For a person of about 150 pounds (68 kg), typical total body content is about . . .
19K - last updated 2006-07-04 11:42 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Cladistics
[[Concepts]] ====See Also==== * [[Maximum parsimony]] ====Description==== Cladistics (Greek: klados = . . . tend to rely on key characters. Willi Hennig (1913 - 1976) is widely regarded as the founder of cladistics. . . . <i>This cladogram shows the relationship . . . descendants. A recent trend in biology since the 1960s, called cladism or cladistic taxonomy, requires . . .
12K - last updated 2006-06-27 09:59 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Co Enzyme A
[[Biochemistry]] ====See Also==== ====Description==== '''Coenzyme A''' (CoA, CoASH, or HSCoA) is a coenzyme, . . . 24 dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, and 12 dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (commonly denoted E1, . . . transacetylase has lipoate and coenzyme A, and 12 dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase has the coenzymes FAD . . .
3K - last updated 2006-08-20 05:34 UTC by TomGreenfield
Complement System
[[Immunology]] ====See Also==== * [[Collectin]] * [[Opsonization]] * [[Mannan-binding lectin (MBL)]] . . . of more than 35 soluble and cell-bound proteins, 12 of which are directly involved in the complement . . . bound C3b or C4b fragments and are known as CR1 to CR5. Adherence reaction mediated through the CR . . . in a variety of immunoregulatory reactions. CR1 on erythrocytes may bind circulating immune complexes . . . fragments (C4a, C3a, C5a) as well as with C1q, Ba, Bb and factor H. Stimulation of these receptors . . .
16K - last updated 2006-04-26 12:43 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Controversies
Critics and criticism are part of the landscape of our information rich world.Criticism can become abusive . . . by science fiction author Gregory Benford in 1980, states 'Passion is inversely proportional to . . .
1K - last updated 2006-04-17 14:09 UTC by dhcp64-134-129-168.wbt.phx.wayport.net
Copy number polymorphisms
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[DNA]] * [[Polymorphism]] * [[Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)]] . . . and genetics professor James Lupski argued in 1991 that a common inherited neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth . . . the duplication of a large segment of chromosome 17. The 1.5-megabase segment comprises 21 different . . . caused by duplication of an entire chromosome 21, is the most common genetic disease, affecting one . . . [http://www.vetscite.org/publish/items/002147/index.html] The extent to which large duplications . . .
3K - last updated 2006-07-06 10:59 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
[[Biochemistry]] ====See Also==== * [[Alcoholism and Secretor Status]] * [[DRD2 (Dopamine Receptor D2) . . . ====Description==== * Molecular Formula: C10H12N5O6P * Molecular Weight: 329.21 <b>Cyclic . . .
4K - last updated 2006-06-26 11:22 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Cysteine metabolism
[[Biochemistry]] ====See Also==== * [[Cysteine]] ====Description==== '''Cysteine metabolism''' is comprised . . . * [http://www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/482391 Transaminative pathway of cysteine metabolism in . . . * [http://www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/11373484 Cysteine metabolism and whole blood glutathione . . .
3K - last updated 2006-08-20 06:10 UTC by TomGreenfield
Cystine
[[Biochemistry]] ====See Also==== * [[Cysteine]] ====Description==== Cystine is an organic compound described . . . pair of cysteine molecules. It was discovered in 1810 by William Hyde Wollaston but was not recognized . . . until it was isolated from the horn of a cow in 1899.({{"cystine." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. . . . of two kilograms of human hair affords about 100 grams of cystine.({{Gortner, R. A.; W. F. Hoffman, . . . Organic Syntheses, Collected Volume 1, p.194 (1941). http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/pdfs/CV1P0194.pdf}}) . . .
4K - last updated 2007-08-20 01:44 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Cytochrome P450 oxidase
[[Physiology]] ====See Also==== * [[Genetic polymorphisms in dietary xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes]] . . . of related, but distinct, oxidative enzymes (EC 1.14) important in animal physiology. The cytochrome . . . coding for the various cytochrome P450 enzymes [1]. ====Nomenclature==== Genes encoding for the P450 . . . when referring to the gene. For example, CYP2E1 is the gene that encodes for the enzyme CYP2E1 � . . . ====CYP Families in humans==== Humans have 18 families of cytochrome P450 genes and 43 subfamilies . . .
7K - last updated 2006-07-03 12:08 UTC by PeterDAdamo
DNA methyltransferase
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Base pair]] * [[CpG sites]] * [[DNA]] * [[Epigenetics]] * [[Histone . . . [[Nucleotide]] * [[Phenotypic plasticity]] * [[5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)]] ====Description==== . . . m6A - those that generate N6-methyladenine EC 2.1.1.72 * m4C - those that generate N4-methylcytosine . . . EC 2.1.1.113 * m5C - those that generate C5-methylcytosine . . . EC 2.1.1.37 ====De novo and maintenance DNA MTases==== De . . .
7K - last updated 2006-08-26 07:11 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
DRD2 (Dopamine Receptor D2) Gene
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase (DBH)]] * [[Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase and . . . description: dopamine receptor D2 * Chromosome: 11; Location: 11q23 * Organism: Homo sapiens * Gene . . . Results suggest that both the DRD2 promoter . . . Significant age-related decline was observed . . . Genetically transmitted variation in D2 dopamine . . .
2K - last updated 2006-06-19 11:43 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Data Center
====Somatotyping and ABO Blood Groups==== =====See Also==== * [[Somatotype]] =====Data: Comparison of . . . * [http://www.dadamo.com/survey/compare_abo2.pl?1 Overall results of the program] * [http://www.dadamo.com/survey/compare_abo2.pl?2 . . .
2K - last updated 2006-06-07 01:04 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Allele]] * [[Base pair]] * [[Chromosome]] * [[Genetic architecture]] . . . not be confused with thiamine, which is vitamin B1.) In some organisms, most notably the PBS1 phage, . . . Uracil (U) replaces T in the organism's DNA.[1] These allowable base components of nucleic acids . . . of C, but in some viruses, notably PBS1 phage DNA, U completely replaces the usual T in its . . . 50 years of DNA]. * [http://www.genome.gov/10506367 U.S. National DNA Day] Watch videos and participate . . .
10K - last updated 2006-07-06 11:22 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Dermatoglyphics
[[Anthropometry]] ====See Also==== * [[Polymorphism]] * [[Mutation]] ====Description==== The scientific . . . * [[Palmar dermatoglyphics in mongolism|Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)]]: Usually all are ulnar loops, Simian . . . syndrome): Excess of arches * Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome): Excess of arches and Simian creases . . . in 60% * Trisomy 18 (Edward's syndrome) 6 - 10 arches and Simian creases . . .
3K - last updated 2006-05-06 10:28 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Dicer
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[RNA Interference (RNAi)]] ====Description==== Dicer is an RNAse III . . . Role of Dicer in dsRNA interference] ====Attribution==== . . .
2K - last updated 2006-07-06 10:43 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Dietary antioxidants and paraoxonases against LDL oxidation and atherosclerosis development
[[References]] ====Dietary antioxidants and paraoxonases against LDL oxidation and atherosclerosis development==== . . . Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2005;(170):263-300. Aviram M, Kaplan M, Rosenblat M, Fuhrman . . . well as by a second line of defense--paraoxonase 1 (PON1), which is a high-density lipoprotein-associated . . .
3K - last updated 2006-05-06 11:45 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Dietary lectins can induce in vitro release of IL-4 and IL-13 from human basophils
[[Lectinology]] ====Dietary lectins can induce in vitro release of IL-4 and IL-13 from human basophils.==== . . . Eur J Immunol 1999 Mar;29(3):918-27 Haas H, Falcone FH, Schramm G, . . . In this study, we analyzed the capacity of 16 common, in particular dietary, lectins to induce . . . human basophils to secrete IL-4 and IL-13, the key promoters of Th2 responses and IgE synthesis. . . . to release IL-4 at concentrations of up to 1 ng/10(6) basophils. Lectins with high IL-4-inducing . . .
2K - last updated 2006-04-20 12:03 UTC by ool-435621f6.dyn.optonline.net
Distribution of M and N blood groups
[[Paleoserology]] ====See Also==== * [[MNS Blood Group]] ====Description==== The M and N [[Allelomorph|allelomorphs]] . . . were discovered in 1927. ({{Landsteiner, K., and P. Levine, 1. Exper. . . . Med., 47, 757�775 (1928). }}) These letters represent inherited antigens, . . . types are thus determined, as shown in Table 1. <table class="user"> <tr><td><b>Genotype</b></td><td><b>Phenotype</b></td></tr> . . . Table 1. <i>The M, N Blood Types</i> Unlike the . . .
6K - last updated 2006-05-17 09:23 UTC by TomGreenfield
Duffy blood group system
[[Polymorphism]] ====See Also==== * [[Allele]] * [[Chemokines]] * [[Interleukin-8 (IL-8)]] FY Gene locus . . . - FY ====Introduction==== In 1950, the Duffy blood group was named for the multiply . . . contained the first example of anti-Fya. In 1951, the [[antibody]] to the antithetical [[antigen]], . . . is 68 percent in American Blacks and 88-100 percent in African Blacks. The Duffy system of . . . Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK 1983.}}) The Duffy genes, located on [[chromosome]] . . .
15K - last updated 2006-05-14 19:52 UTC by PeterDAdamo
E. Coli Infection and ABO Blood Groups
[[Polymorphism]] ====See Also==== * [[Adhesins]] * [http://www.dadamo.com/lecster2/Lecster-read.pl?show=224 . . . study has demonstrated that E. coli strains Y1089 and Y1090 possess the H antigen of blood type . . . ABO blood group A antigen on Escherichia coli Y1089 and Y1090. Immunol Cell Biol 1992 Dec;70 ( Pt . . . 6):411-6}}) http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/Shared/News2001/Microbe/e-coli_med.jpg . . . [http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/Shared/News2001/Microbe/e-coli_med.jpg Photo Source] The really dangerous . . .
11K - last updated 2006-05-04 22:03 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Effect of herbal melanin on IL-8. A possible role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)
[[References]] ====Effect of herbal melanin on IL-8: A possible role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)==== . . . mRNA expression and protein production in THP-1 and PBMCs. On applying similar treatment to HEK293 . . . cells that express TLR4, MD2, and CD14, both HM and LPS significantly induced IL-8 protein . . . by HEK293 transfected with either TLR4 or MD2-CD14. Melanin extracted from N. sativa L. mimics the . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-05 12:44 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Effect of photo-oxidation on isohemagglutinating antibodies
[[References]] ====EFFECT OF PHOTO-OXIDATION ON ISOHEMAGGLUTINATING ANTIBODIES ==== The Journal of Experimental . . . Medicine, Vol 83, 221-225, Copyright, 1946, by The Rockefeller Institute . . . "blocking") antibody. Submitted on December 9, 1945 * [http://www.jem.org/cgi/reprint/83/3/221?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=1&author1=william+boyd&andorexacttitle=and&andorexacttitleabs=and&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT . . .
1K - last updated 2006-05-03 12:02 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Eigenvalue, eigenvector and eigenspace
[[Concepts]] ====See Also==== * [[Principal components analysis (PCA)]] * [[Multivariate statistics]] . . . was first used in this context by Hilbert in 1904 (there was an earlier related usage by Helmholtz). . . . is performed. The corresponding eigenvalue is 1 and the corresponding eigenspace contains all the . . . by the rotation of the Earth, its eigenvalue is 1. Another example is provided by a thin metal sheet . . .
6K - last updated 2006-06-09 12:30 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Endocytosis
[[Physiology]] ====See Also==== * [[Lectins, Resistance to Degradation]] * [[Mucosa]] * [[Portal circulation]] . . . * Caveolae consist of the protein caveolin-1, cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. Caveolae form . . .
3K - last updated 2006-05-15 14:25 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Endomorphic
[[Anthropometry]] ====See Also==== * [[Ectomorphic]] * [[Mesomorphic]] * [[Somatotype]] * [http://www.dadamo.com/wiki/wiki.pl/Data_Center#Data_Center1 . . .
1K - last updated 2006-05-24 20:50 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Endothelin
[[Physiology]] ====See Also==== * [[Kell Blood Group]] * [[Nitric Oxide]] * [[Prostacyclin]] ====Description==== . . . Endothelin is a 21-amino acid vasoconstricting peptide that plays a . . . Role of Endothelins in Health and Disease] . . . International Union of Pharmacology. XXIX. Update . . .
3K - last updated 2006-06-01 07:20 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Erythrocyte
[[Immunology]] ====See Also==== * [[Agglutinate]] * [[Rouleaux Formation]] ====Description==== Red blood . . . Adult humans have roughly 2–3 × 1013 red blood cells at any given time (women have . . .
2K - last updated 2006-04-23 18:35 UTC by ool-435621f6.dyn.optonline.net
Essential difference between the two optimum proportions flocculation ratios
[[References]] ====THE ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO OPTIMUM PROPORTIONS FLOCCULATION RATIOS==== . . . Medicine, Vol 80, 289-298, Copyright, 1944, by The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research . . . . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-03 12:09 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Evidence-based medicine
[[Concepts]] ====See Also==== ====Description==== <b>Evidence-based medicine (EBM)</b> applies . . . Random Reflections on Health Services (1972) and subsequent advocacy, caused increasing acceptance . . . first appeared in the medical literature in 1992 in a paper by Guyatt et al. ====Qualification . . . are treated, only one would respond. An NNT of 1 is the most effective and means each patient treated . . . 40 can still be considered clinically effective.[1] Systems to stratify evidence by quality have been . . .
12K - last updated 2006-06-24 14:10 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Exon
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[DNA]] * [[Gene]] * [[Intron]] * [[RNA]] * [[Open reading frame]] Exons . . . The term "exon" was coined by Walter Gilbert in 1978. ====Function==== In many genes, each exon contains . . .
3K - last updated 2006-06-28 20:54 UTC by PeterDAdamo
FOXP2 (forkhead box P2)
[[Linguistics]] ====See Also==== * [[FOX proteins]] ====Description==== * Official Symbol: FOXP2 * Chromosome: . . . 7; Location: 7q31 * Name: forkhead box P2 * Gene type: protein coding . . . * Organism: Homo sapiens * Gene aliases: SPCH1; CAGH44; TNRC10; DKFZp686H1726 ====Summary==== FOXP2 . . . a spot on chromosome 7 which the team called SPCH1. Sequencing of this region was done with the aid . . . Pubmed] * FOXP2 codes for a CNS transcriptional . . .
5K - last updated 2006-06-06 19:25 UTC by PeterDAdamo
FOX proteins
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[FOXP2 (forkhead box P2)]] ====Description==== Forkhead box proteins . . . is the forkhead box, a sequence of 80 to 100 amino acids forming a motif that binds to DNA. . . .
2K - last updated 2006-06-06 19:09 UTC by PeterDAdamo
FUT3
[[Nutrigenomics]] ====See Also==== * [[FUT1]] * [[FUT2]] * [[FUT4]] * [[19q13.3]] * [[Lewis antigens]] . . . several types of alpha-3-fucosyltransferases: FUT1, or Bombay (211100), [[FUT2]], or [[secretor]] (182100), . . . the myeloid form of alpha-3-fucosyltransferase (104230). ====Gene function==== Boren et al. ({{Boren, . . . mediated by blood group antigens. Science 262: 1892-1895, 1993. }}) determined that the Lewis(b) antigen, . . . Lewis blood types in man. J. Clin. Invest. 48: 1489-1494, 1969}} ) showed that Lewis-negative women . . .
6K - last updated 2006-05-06 12:06 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Factor VIII
[[Biochemistry]] ====See Also==== * [[Clotting factors]] * [[Rheology]] * [[Von Willebrand factor (vWF)]] . . . on Factor VIII. Studies dating back to the 1960s have repeatedly shown that a deficiency of this . . . in randomly selected young adults. Haemostasis 1984;14(4):312-9}},{{Orstavik KH. Genetics of plasma . . . Folia Haematol Int Mag Klin Morphol Blutforsch 1990;117(4):527-31}}) Among persons belonging to blood . . . of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor. Blood 1989 Mar;73(4):990-3}}) Based upon this research, researchers . . .
10K - last updated 2006-06-27 10:25 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Fair Use of Materials
====Description==== The Individualist makes extensive use of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transclusion . . . Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 106A, the fair use of a copyrighted work, including . . . [http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode17/usc_sec_17_00000107----000-.html Limitations on . . .
2K - last updated 2006-04-22 15:33 UTC by ool-435621f6.dyn.optonline.net
Fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP-2) polymorphism, obesity and insulin resistance
[[References]] ====Fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP-2) polymorphism, obesity and insulin resistance.==== . . . Rev Med Chil. 2006 Mar;134(3):372-9. Epub 2006 May 2. Albala B C, Jimenez . . . in different populations fluctuate between 18% and 40%. FABP2 Ala54Thr variant has been associated . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-06 11:10 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Five prime untranslated region (5' UTR)
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[DNA]] * [[Exon]] * [[Intron]] * [[Open reading frame]] * [[RNA]] ====Description==== . . . and on the 3' end by the start codon (see Figure 1 for a schematic view). In some viruses it may have . . . The 5{prime}-untranslated region of GM-CSF . . .
2K - last updated 2006-06-30 05:05 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Flavonoid glycosides
[[Glycomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Aglycone]] * [[Glycation]] * [[Glycoside]] * [[Oxidative stress]] . . . on the glycation and antioxidant status in type 1 diabetic patients===== Diabetes Nutr Metab 1999;12:256-263. . . . of the flavonoids diosmin (90%) and hesperidin (10%), in a group of 28 Type 1 diabetic patients in . . . effects and was followed by a decrease in HbA1c, from 8.85+/-1.57 to 8.47+/-1.40% (p=0.017). This . . . in the patients with higher initial HbA1c but was unrelated to glycaemic control as monitored . . .
3K - last updated 2006-05-09 10:52 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Flocculation
[[Serology]] ====See Also==== * [[Precipitin]] * [[Agglutination]] * [[Immuno-diffusion]] * [[Radial . . . Robert Koch Institute for Infectious Diseases in 1906. The test was a growth from the work of Bordet . . . on complementing-fixation reaction, published in 1901, and the positive reaction is sometimes called . . .
4K - last updated 2006-06-19 18:30 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Forssman antigen
[[Glycomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Thomsen-Friedenreich (T-Tn) antigen]] * [['A-Like' tumor antigens]] . . . formed by the addition of [[GalNAc]] in alpha1-3 linkage to the terminal GalNAc residue of globoside. . . . Amphicarpaea bracteata :: Hog peanut :: ABrA] </div> . . . in human cancer===== Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 July; 74(7): 3023–3027. S. Hakomori, S.-M. Wang, . . . pentasaccharide with the structure GalNAcα1→3GalNAcβ1→3Galα1→4Galβ1→4Glc→ceramide. . . .
5K - last updated 2006-06-13 07:15 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Founder effect
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Genetic drift]] ====Description==== The founder effect was defined . . . by Ernst Mayr in 1963 to be the effect of establishing a new population . . .
3K - last updated 2006-06-08 15:34 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Fucoidan
[[Glycomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Selectins]] * [[Fucose]] * [[Fucus vesiculosis (Bladderwrack)]] ====Description==== . . . The . . . Macrophages treated with AG and FU (10-100 microg/mL) exhibited induced tumoricidal activity . . . AG and FU had little effect on the level of IL-1beta. Thus, the tumoricidal effect of AG- and FU-activated . . . of its biological activities==== J Biol Chem 1993 Oct 15;268(29):21770-21776 Patankar MS, Oehninger . . .
3K - last updated 2006-05-10 11:07 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Fucus vesiculosis (Bladderwrack)
[[Pharmacology]] ====See Also=== * [[Anti-adhesion therapy]] * [[Fucoidan]] * [[Fucose]] ====Folklore=== . . . time period of the Eclectic Physicians of the 19th century. Historically these physicians used this . . . age 30, a population for which he claimed a 100% success rate, and was less dependable for normalizing . . . Fucus vesiculosus [[fucoidan]]. Carbohydr Res 1994;255:213-224.}},{{Patankar MS, Oehninger S, Barnett . . . some of its biological activities. J Biol Chem 1993;268:21770-21776.}}) and fucans ({{Nishino T, Nishioka . . .
9K - last updated 2006-05-30 06:46 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
G-protein-coupled receptors
[[Biochemistry]] ====See Also==== * [[Ligand]] * [[Receptor]] * [[Receptor antagonist]] * [[Second messengers]] . . . Rhodopsin, for example, uses the conversion of 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinal for this purpose. . . . domains or transmembrane helices (Figure 1). The extracellular parts of the receptor can be . . . signaling without G proteins==== In the late 1990s, evidence began accumulating that some GPCRs . . . are two recognized forms of desensitization: 1) homologus desensitization, in which the activated . . .
10K - last updated 2006-07-08 10:41 UTC by PeterDAdamo
GNU Free Documentation License
GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.2, March 2002 Copyright 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. . . . 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute . . . copies of the Document numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover . . . copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent . . . of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software . . .
18K - last updated 2006-06-07 08:30 UTC by TomGreenfield
Galectins
[[Lectinology]] ====See Also==== * [http://www.dadamo.com/lecster2/Lecster-search.pl?search=galectin&order_by=Species&order=abc . . . '''Galectins''' are a general name proposed in 1994 for a subset of animal [[lectins]] widely distributed . . . Galectin: Definition and History] ====References==== . . . 1. Smetana K, Holikova Z, Klubal R, Bovin NV, Dvorankova . . . in human Langerhans cells.'' J Leukoc Biol 1999 Oct;66(4):644-9. PMID [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10534121 . . .
3K - last updated 2006-06-11 22:11 UTC by TomGreenfield
Gc plasma system
[[Polymorphism]] ====See Also==== ====Description==== The Gc groups of the plasma are the expression . . . relation of this to sunshine are described on p. 123.({{Mourant, AE. Blood Relations, Blood Groups and . . . Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK 1983.}}) ====Discussion==== The protein concerned was . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-14 20:41 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Gene-environment interaction
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Conrad Hal Waddington]] * [[Epigenetics]] * [[Genotype]] * [[Genetic . . . on maze-running ability in rats.({{Tryon, R. C. (1942). Individual differences. in F. A. Moss (ed) Comparative . . . environment ({{Cooper, R. M. & Zubek, J. P. (1958). Effects of enriched and restricted early environments . . . and dull rats. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 12:159�164.}}) with more objects to explore and more . . .
3K - last updated 2006-06-02 22:44 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Genetic and environmental influences on somatotype components
[[Anthropometry]] ====See Also==== * [[Somatotype]] * [[Gene-environment interaction]] ====Abstracts==== . . . study in a Spanish population====== Hum Biol. 1995 Oct;67(5):727-38 Sanchez-Andres A. * Parent-offspring, . . . somatotype components were assessed in 261 nuclear families from the Madrid, Spain, area. Each . . . phenotype was adjusted for the effect of (1) age and sex and (2) family environment variables . . . Age and sex explained a significant (p < 0.001) proportion of observed variation, but in no case . . .
2K - last updated 2006-06-02 22:45 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Genetic polymorphism of interleukin-8 (IL-8) is associated with Helicobacter pylori-induced duodenal ulcer
[[References]] ====Genetic polymorphism of interleukin-8 (IL-8) is associated with Helicobacter pylori-induced . . . ulcer==== Eur Cytokine Netw. 2004 Oct-Dec;15(4):353-8. Gyulai Z, Klausz G, Tiszai A, Lenart Z, . . . production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1-B, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha. Since such cytokine . . . of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor CD14 and the formation of peptic ulcer, because CD14 . . . promoter polymorphism by RFLP, and for IL-8 -251 polymorphism by ARMS. Genetic polymorphism within . . .
3K - last updated 2006-05-05 12:29 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Genetic polymorphisms in dietary xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Cytochrome P450 oxidase]] * [[Xenobiotics]] ====Description==== ||<b>Gene</b>||<b>Polymorphic . . . on enzyme function</b>|| ||CYP1A1||MspI (intron 7)||Unknown|| ||CYP1A1||Val/Ile (exon . . . 7)||Unknown|| ||CYP1B1||M1 (Va1432Leu)||Unknown|| ||CYP1B1||M2 (Asn453Ser) . . . ||Unknown|| ||NAT1||*4||Low activity (wild type)|| ||NAT1||*10||High . . . activity|| ||NAT2||5A, *5B, *6A, *6B, *7A, 7B, *12A, *13, *13B||Low activity alleles || ||GSTA1||Al*1 . . .
2K - last updated 2006-07-03 12:08 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Genome
[[Genomics]] ====Description==== In biology the genome of an organism is the whole hereditary information . . . the non-coding sequences. The term was coined in 1920 by Hans Winkler, Professor of Botany at the University . . .
1K - last updated 2006-05-28 07:00 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Glucuronic acid
[[Glycomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Glycoconjugates]] * [[Xenobiotics]] ====Description==== Glucuronic . . . - "sweet") is a carboxylic acid . . . atom (of six total) oxidized. Its formula is C6H10O7. The salts of glucuronic acid are known as glucuronates; . . .
3K - last updated 2006-05-02 22:53 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Glycoconjugates
[[Glycomics]] ====See Also==== * [[ABH Antigens]] * [[Carbohydrates as Biological Markers]] * [[Glycolipids]] . . . NeuAc, or NANA) (for more details, see Chapter 15). * Hexoses: Six-carbon neutral sugars, including . . . [http://www.bioscience.org/2002/v7/d/carson/table1.jpg Glycoconjugate structures] . . .
4K - last updated 2006-05-02 22:38 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Gonial and subcostal angle means by disease groups
====Gonial and subcostal angle means by disease groups==== <table class="user"><tr><td . . . ulcer</td><td>25</td><td>126.8</td><td>8.2</td><td>25</td><td>48.3</td><td>21.3</td></tr> . . . ulcer</td><td>89</td><td>126.7</td><td>7.4</td><td>85</td><td>44.0</td><td>16.1</td></tr> . . . . . . fever</td><td>25</td><td>129.2</td><td>7.8</td><td>24</td><td>55.1</td><td>20.1</td></tr> . . .
3K - last updated 2006-05-24 14:44 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Grave's Disease and secretor status
[[Pathology]] ====See Also==== * [[Non-secretors]] ====Secretor status and infection in patients with . . . Graves' disease==== Autoimmunity 1990;7(4):279-289 Toft AD, Blackwell CC, Saadi AT, . . . prevalence of Yersinia species in the faeces of 107 patients with Graves' disease. The isolation rate . . . (less than 1%) was similar to that observed in the local population . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-29 06:21 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Guanine
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[DNA]] * [[RNA]] ====Description==== Guanine is one of the five main . . . as the hydrogen acceptor, while the group at N-1 and the amino group at C-2 acts as the hydrogen donors. . . . The first isolation of guanine was reported in 1844 from the excreta of sea birds, known as guano, . . . ammonia, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide at 180°C. Guanine oxidizes more readily than adenine, . . . conducted by Levy et al., showed that heating 10 M NH4CN at 80°C for 24 hours gave a yield of 0.0007% . . .
5K - last updated 2006-07-16 06:12 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
H-h blood group system
[[Polymorphism]] ====See Also==== * [[Allele]] * [[Antigen]] * [[Blood group antigen proteins (chart)]] . . . [[Glycoproteins]] * [[Glycosyltransferase]] * [[19q13.3]] ====Description==== '''H/h blood group system''' . . . [[Gene]] locus - FUT1 (H blood group [[locus]]) and [[FUT2]] ([http://www.dadamo.com/wiki/wiki.pl/Secretor_Status . . . both loci encode closely homologous alpha 1,2 fucosyltransferases that transfer [[fucose]] in . . . an alpha 1-2 linkage to a [[galactose]] and result in products . . .
12K - last updated 2006-08-06 20:50 UTC by TomGreenfield
Haplogroup A (Y-DNA)
[[Archaeogenetics]] ====See Also==== * [[Haplogroups]] * [[Haplotype]] * [[Y chromosome analysis]] ====Description==== . . . In human genetics, '''Haplogroup A (M91)''' is a [[Y chromosome analysis|Y-chromosome haplogroup]]. . . .
1K - last updated 2006-05-27 12:21 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Haplogroup B (mtDNA)
[[Archaeogenetics]] ====See Also==== * [[Haplogroups]] * [[Haplotype]] * [[Mitochondrial DNA]] * [[Mitochondrial . . . Spread of Haplogroup B], from ''National Geographic'' . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-27 14:40 UTC by TomGreenfield
Haplogroup E3a (Y-DNA)
[[Archaeogenetics]] ====See Also==== * [[Haplogroups]] * [[Haplotype]] * [[Y chromosome analysis]] ====Description==== . . . Source] The man who gave rise to this lineage may . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-27 12:15 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Haplogroup E3b (Y-DNA)
[[Archaeogenetics]] ====See Also==== * [[Haplogroups]] * [[Haplotype]] * [[Y chromosome analysis]] ====Description==== . . . '''Haplogroup E3b (M35)''' (previously called Hg21) is a [[Y chromosome analysis|Y-chromosome haplogroup]] . . . Africa, its two most prevalent clades are E-M81 (referred to as the "Berber marker"), which reaches . . . A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for . . . Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events . . .
3K - last updated 2006-05-27 12:15 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Haplogroup H (mtDNA)
[[Archaeogenetics]] ====See Also==== * [[Haplogroups]] * [[Haplogroup HV (mtDNA)]] * [[Haplotype]] * . . . haplogroup H. Of those H results, approximately 21% of them has a 519C mutation, which is volatile and . . . ancestors back to Bertha von Putelendorf (died 1190), were of haplogroup H. ({{Jehaes et al, European . . . Journal of Human Genetics, vol 6, pp. 383-395 (1998) and vol 9, pp. 185-190, (2001}}): the extended . . . sequence is: HVR1 T16519C; HVR2 T152C, C194T, A263G and N315.1C.) If . . .
5K - last updated 2006-07-28 16:08 UTC by TomGreenfield
Haplogroup J (mtDNA)
[[Archaeogenetics]] ====See Also==== * [[Haplogroups]] * [[Haplotype]] * [[Mitochondrial DNA]] * [[Mitochondrial . . . in Mesopotamia or Anatolia approximately 10,000 years before present, and to have moved north . . . Image source] In his popular book ''The Seven Daughters . . . Spread of Haplogroup J], from ''National Geographic'' . . .
2K - last updated 2006-06-27 13:01 UTC by TomGreenfield
Haplogroup K (Y-DNA)
[[Archaeogenetics]] ====See Also==== * [[Haplogroups]] * [[Haplotype]] * [[Y chromosome analysis]] ====Description==== . . . (LLY22G), [[Haplogroup O (Y-DNA)|O]] (M175), [[Haplogroup P (Y-DNA)|P]] (M45) (and P's descendants . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-27 12:18 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Haplogroup N (mtDNA)
[[Archaeogenetics]] ====See Also==== * [[Haplogroups]] * [[Haplotype]] * [[Mitochondrial DNA]] * [[Mitochondrial . . . R]] (and its descendants) and haplogroups N1, [[Haplogroup_A_(mtDNA)|Haplogroup A]], [[Haplogroup_I_(mtDNA)|Haplogroup . . .
2K - last updated 2006-06-12 06:08 UTC by TomGreenfield
Haplogroup O3 (Y-DNA)
[[Archaeogenetics]] ====See Also==== * [[Haplogroups]] * [[Haplotype]] * [[Y chromosome analysis]] ====Description==== . . . In human genetics, '''Haplogroup O3''' (M122) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. This haplogroup . . . to have first appeared in China approximately 10,000 years ago. Its spread is conjectured to be closely . . .
2K - last updated 2006-06-06 02:11 UTC by Arlene Holloman
Haplogroup O (Y-DNA)
[[Archaeogenetics]] ====See Also==== * [[Haplogroups]] * [[Haplotype]] * [[Y chromosome analysis]] ====Description==== . . . In human genetics, '''Haplogroup O''' (M175) is a Y-chromosome [[haplogroup]]. This haplogroup . . . and it is almost exclusive to that region: M175 is almost nonexistent in Western Asia and is completely . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-27 12:30 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Haplogroup P (Y-DNA)
[[Archaeogenetics]] ====See Also==== * [[Haplogroups]] * [[Haplotype]] * [[Y chromosome analysis]] ====Description==== . . . (M242) and [[Haplogroup R (Y-DNA)|R]] (M173). ====Discussion==== ====Links==== * [https://www3.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/atlas.html?card=my044 . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-27 12:30 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Haplogroup Q (Y-DNA)
[[Archaeogenetics]] ====See Also==== * [[Haplogroups]] * [[Haplotype]] * [[Y chromosome analysis]] ====Description==== . . . believed to have arisen in Siberia approximately 15,000 to 20,000 years ago. The initial migration from . . . done by haplogroup Q populations, approximately 15,000 years ago. This founding population spread throughout . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-27 12:21 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Haplogroup R1a1 (Y-DNA)
[[Archaeogenetics]] ====See Also==== * [[Haplogroups]] * [[Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA)]] * [[Haplotype]] * . . . analysis]] In human genetics, '''Haplogroup R1a1 (M17)''' is a [[Y chromosome analysis|Y-chromosome . . . ====Origins==== The first carriers of the R1a1 haplotype are believed to have been nomadic farmers . . . in the steppes of east Europe about 10,000 years ago. Current theories point to them being . . . the horse. http://www.dadamo.com/wiki/uploads/R1a1-YDNA.jpg Spread of haplogroup R1a. [https://www3.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/atlas.html?card=my048 . . .
7K - last updated 2006-06-23 13:58 UTC by TomGreenfield
Haplogroup R (mtDNA)
[[Archaeogenetics]] ====See Also==== * [[Haplogroups]] * [[Haplotype]] * [[Mitochondrial DNA]] * [[Mitochondrial . . . Spread of Haplogroup R], from ''National Geographic'' . . .
2K - last updated 2006-06-30 18:37 UTC by TomGreenfield
Haplogroup T (mtDNA)
[[Archaeogenetics]] ====See Also==== * [[Haplogroups]] * [[Haplotype]] * [[Mitochondrial DNA]] * [[Mitochondrial . . . in Mesopotamia or Anatolia approximately 10,000 years before present, and to have moved northwards. . . . Image source] ==== People of haplogroup T ==== The . . . of his female line ancestor Barbara of Celje (1390-1451), wife of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor. . . . The . . .
3K - last updated 2006-06-27 13:00 UTC by TomGreenfield
Haplogroup W (mtDNA)
[[Archaeogenetics]] ====See Also==== * [[Haplogroups]] * [[Haplotype]] * [[Mitochondrial DNA]] * [[Mitochondrial . . . Spread of Haplogroup V], from ''National Geographic'' . . .
1K - last updated 2006-06-30 18:25 UTC by TomGreenfield
Haplogroups
[[Archaeogenetics]] ====See Also==== * [[Mitochrondrial DNA Haplogroups]] * [[Y chromosome analysis]] . . . to continue to fluctuate, until it either hits 100%, or falls out of the population entirely. In a . . . a full mtDNA sequence currently costing over $1000 commercially as of 2006, few data are yet available. . . . haplogroups==== =====Groups without mutation M168===== * [[Haplogroup A (Y-DNA)|Haplogroup A]] (M91) . . . B]] (M60) =====Groups with mutation M168===== * [[Haplogroup C (Y-DNA)|Haplogroup C]] (M130) . . .
6K - last updated 2006-05-27 12:31 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Hapten
[[Immunology]] ====See Also==== * [[Epitope]] * [[Antigen]] ====Description==== A compound, usually of . . . to Immunochemical Specificity, Interscience, 1961.}}) A well known example of a hapten is urushiol, . . .
3K - last updated 2006-06-19 12:36 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Harold Cummins
[[Anthropometry]] ====See Also==== [[Dermatoglyphics]] ====Biographic Information==== Chairman, Department . . . of Anatomy, Tulane University. 1933-1960 Chairman, Department of Microscopic Anatomy, . . . Tulane University. 1933 - 1945 http://www.dadamo.com/wiki/cummins.jpg . . . Charles Midlo. Finger Prints, Palms and Soles. 1943. New York: Dover, 1961. ====Links==== * [http://www.southalabama.edu/genetics/hcum.htm . . . Article by Cummings on education . . .
2K - last updated 2006-06-10 14:29 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Helicobacter pylori infection, ABO and secretor blood groups
[[Pathology]] ====See Also==== * [[ABH Antigens]] * [[Adhesins]] * [[Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs)]] . . . Lewis X (SLeX)]] * [[Secretors]] In the early 1950's it was first discovered that Type O appeared . . . the ABO groups and peptic ulceration. Br Med J. 1954 Aug 7;4883:315-21. }}). These findings have been . . . ulcer in men who were ABH non-secretors was 15% (statistically 15% of ABH non-secretors will have . . . The Copenhagen Male Study. Scand J Gastroenterol 1999 Jan;34(1):12-7}}) Overall, the relative risk of . . .
11K - last updated 2006-06-29 11:59 UTC by TomGreenfield
Hemorheology and ABO blood groups
[[Polymorphism]] ====Description==== Rheology is the study of the deformation and flow of matter. The . . . Bingham, a professor at Lehigh University, in 1920, from a suggestion by a colleague, Markus Reiner. . . . thickness have been also reported in depression (1) high blood pressure, 2) stress, (3) diabetes, (4) . . . and malignant melanoma. (7) ====References==== 1. Dintenfass L, et al. Blood rheology in patients . . . depressive and schizoid anxiety. Biorheology. 1976 Feb;13(1):33-6. 2. Dintenfass L, et al. Dynamic . . .
4K - last updated 2006-04-26 12:09 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Hirschfeld and Hirschfeld, 1919
#REDIRECT [[Hirszfeld and Hirszfeld, 1919]] . . .
1K - last updated 2006-05-31 14:46 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Hirszfeld and Hirszfeld, 1919
[[Paleoserology]] ====See Also==== * [[AB Isogenes]] * [[Clines]] * [[Racial and Ethnic Distribution . . . the blood of different races" Lancet, 2; 675; 1919}}). This was a survey of the frequencies among . . . of soldiers from different countries (figure 1). For obvious military reasons they did not have . . . of Human Genes." Princeton University Press, 1994.}}) ====References==== . . .
2K - last updated 2007-04-21 23:00 UTC by TomGreenfield
Histamine
[[Immunology]] ====See Also==== * [[Basophil]] ====Description==== http://biology.kenyon.edu/slonc/bio3/amino_acids/Histidine/histamine%20structure.gif . . . ====Links==== * [http://www.acnp.org/g4/GN401000037/ Histamine] * [http://www.neurosci.pharm.utoledo.edu/MBC3320/histamine.htm . . .
2K - last updated 2006-06-02 07:08 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Histone
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Allele]] * [[Chromatin]] * [[Chromosome]] * [[Deoxyribonucleic acid . . . Six major histone classes are known: * H1 (sometimes called the linker histone or H5.) * H2A . . . octameric nucleosome core particle by wrapping 146 base pairs of [[DNA]] around the protein spool . . . in 1.65 left-handed super-helical turn. The linker histone . . . H1 binds the nucleosome and the entry and exit sites . . .
8K - last updated 2006-07-07 10:26 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Histone deacetylases (HDAC)
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[DNA]] * [[Base pair]] * [[CpG sites]] * [[Epigenetics]] * [[Histone]] . . . * [[p53]] * [[Phenotypic plasticity]] * [[SIRT1]] * [[5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)]] . . . deacetylases (HDAC)</b> (EC number 3.5.1) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups . . . deacetylase inhibitor selectively induces p21(WAF1) expression and gene-associated histone acetylation." . . . of Sciences of the United States of America 97(18):10014-10019.}}) found that HDAC inhibitors can . . .
3K - last updated 2006-07-07 10:27 UTC by PeterDAdamo
History of lectins, from hemagglutinins to biological recognition molecules
[[References]] ====History of lectins: from hemagglutinins to biological recognition molecules===== Glycobiology . . . 2004 14(11):53R-62R Nathan Sharon and Halina Lis Department . . . Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel Received on November 25, 2003; revised . . . * [http://glycob.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/14/11/53R?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=1&author1=nathan+sharon&andorexacttitle=and&andorexacttitleabs=and&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&tdate=//&resourcetype=HWCIT . . .
1K - last updated 2006-05-03 19:33 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Holism
[[Concepts]] ====See Also==== * [[Complex Systems]] * [[Simillimum]] * [[Scientific reductionism]] Holism . . . scientists. Recently, however (from the 1990s to the present) Bohm's reputation in the field . . . theory. Research in this area began in 1984 with the establishment of the Santa Fe Institute . . . in the world. * Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's 1810 book Zur Farbenlehre (Theory of Colors) not only . . .
10K - last updated 2006-05-31 11:06 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Homeostasis
[[Physiology]] ====See Also==== '''Homeostasis''' is the property of an open system, especially living . . . regulation mechanisms. The term was coined in 1932 by Walter Cannon from the Greek homo (same, like) . . .
7K - last updated 2006-05-27 15:03 UTC by TomGreenfield
Horror autotoxicus
[[Immunology]] ====See Also==== * [[Autoimmunity]] ====Description==== Horror autotoxicus: Literally, . . . and immunologist [[Paul Ehrlich]] (1854-1915) to describe the body's innate aversion to . . . . . . * [http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/99/1/351 Avoiding horror autotoxicus: The importance of . . .
1K - last updated 2006-06-21 06:59 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Human blood groups and anthropology
[[Paleoserology]] ====See Also==== * [[William Boyd]] * [[Ludwik Hirszfeld]] ====Human Blood Groups and . . . and Boyd, William. American Anthropologist 1935 37 (2): 181-200. The overall problem that the . . . William C. American Anthropologist April- June 1935 Volume 37(2): 181-200. This article, written by . . . C. and William C. Boyd. American Anthropologist, 1935. Vol. 37: 181-200. Wyman and Boyd begin their . . . * [http://www.publicanthropology.org/Archive/Aa1935.htm American Anthropologist, 1935] . . .
6K - last updated 2006-05-16 07:53 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Human genetic affinities for Y-chromosome P49a,f.TaqI haplotypes show strong correspondence with linguistics
[[References]] ====Human genetic affinities for Y-chromosome P49a,f/TaqI haplotypes show strong correspondence . . . with linguistics==== Am J Hum Genet. 1997 Nov;61(5):1015-35. Poloni ES, Semino O, Passarino . . . among human populations (FST = .230, P < .001), mainly due to genetic differences among distinct . . . groups of populations (FCT = .246, P < .001). A multivariate analysis based on genetic distances . . . to language families (r = .567, P < .001), in agreement with autosomal and mitochondrial data. . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-17 20:44 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Humoral Immunity
[[Immunology]] ====Description==== The term 'humoral immunity' refers to any soluble factor found in . . . Though not as numerous as T-cells (B-cells only 10% to 20% of all lymphocytes) B-cells have a critical . . .
3K - last updated 2006-04-19 20:56 UTC by ool-435621f6.dyn.optonline.net
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis)
[[Physiology]] ====See Also==== * [[Cortisol]] ====Description==== The '''hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal . . . chronic fatigue syndrome ({{MacHale SM et al.(1998) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=9813459 . . . chronic fatigue syndrome] Neuropsychobiology 38:213-7 }}), insomnia ({{Backhaus J et al. (2004) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15219642 . . . salivary cortisol] Psychoneuroendocrinology 29:1184-91}}) and burnout ({{Pruessner JC et al. (1999) . . . Burnout, perceived stress, and cortisol responses . . .
9K - last updated 2006-08-20 07:05 UTC by TomGreenfield
Immunoglobulin E
[[Serology]] ====See also=== * [[Allergy]] * [[Allergy, ABO Blood Group and Secretor Status]] * [[Allergens, . . . in a normal ("non-atopic") individual are ~150ng/ml, compared to 10mg/ml for the IgGs (the isotypes . . . mechanism of a form of allergy known as [[Type 1 hypersensitivity]]. http://www.dadamo.com/wiki/ige.jpg . . . ({{European Journal of Immunology 2003 Apr;33(4):1030-40.}}), in which the stimulation of a strong cytotoxic . . . from true IgE-mediated allergies) can have up to 10 times the normal level of IgE in their blood (as . . .
6K - last updated 2006-05-12 09:24 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Immunoglobulin M
[[Serology]] ====See Also==== * [[Agglutination]] * [[ABO Antibodies]] ====Description==== IgM forms . . . has two antigen binding sites, an IgM has 10 of them, however it cannot bind 10 antigens at the . . . Source] IgM accounts for about 10% of the total antibody pool in the body and is the . . .
4K - last updated 2006-04-25 19:12 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Indo-European languages
[[Linguistics]] ====See Also==== The Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred languages . . . Russian, Spanish (each with more than 100 million native speakers), as well as numerous smaller . . . languages, earliest attested branch, from the 18th century BC; extinct, most notably including the . . . BC ** Iranian languages, attested from roughly 1000 BC, including Avestan , Kurdish and Persian ** . . . fragmentary records in Mycenaean from the 14th century BC; Homeric traditions date to the 8th . . .
17K - last updated 2006-05-25 13:43 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Influenza, ABO, MN and other polymorphisms
[[Pathology]] ====See Also==== * [[Neuraminidase ]] The influenza virus may be the most dangerous virus . . . for killing huge numbers of people within a 1 to 2 year period. As an example, the "Spanish Flu" . . . /type A(H1N1) of 1918-19 killed about 500,000 people in the . . . and at least 20 million people worldwide. In 1957-58, the "Asian Flu" /type A(H2N2) resulted in . . . 70,000 deaths in the United States and in 1968-69, the "Hong-Kong Flu" /type (A(H3N2) killed . . .
8K - last updated 2006-05-04 23:22 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Inhibition of P-glycoprotein by natural products
[[Pharmacology]] ====See Also==== * [[P glycoprotein and ABO blood group]] * [[P glycoprotein and MDR . . . of human leukemia cells HL60 and their MDR-1 resistant subline HL60/VCR by flavonoids apigenin . . . of antiapoptotic Bcl-2. Cytochrome c and p21WAF1/CIP1 levels remained unchanged in these cells. . . . DOX increased phosphorylation of ERK, while Akt-1 and phosphorylated Akt-1 levels were not changed. . . . molecules. =====Flavonoids as inhibitors of MRP1-like efflux activity in human erythrocytes. A structure-activity . . .
4K - last updated 2006-05-07 11:13 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Inhibitory activity of blood group antigens M and N in inhibition of virus influenza hemagglutination
[[References]] ====Inhibitory activity of blood group antigens M and N in inhibition of virus influenza . . . hemagglutination==== Med Pregl. 2000 Jan-Feb;53(1-2):7-14. Vojvodic S. * '''RESULTS''': Reactivity . . . 10953546] . . .
3K - last updated 2006-06-10 17:54 UTC by TomGreenfield
Institute for Human Individuality
[[Nutrigenomics]] ====Description==== '''The Institute for Human Individuality''' (IfHI) a 501c3 under . . .
3K - last updated 2006-05-24 09:44 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs)
[[Immunology]] ====See Also==== * [[Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs)]] * [[Cytokines]] ====Description==== . . . There are several different forms of ICAM. ICAM-1 is continuously present in low concentrations in . . . the concentrations greatly increase. ICAM-1 can be induced by [[Interleukin-1 (IL-1)]] and [[Tumor . . . was identified as a potent inhibitor of ICAM-1 and some beta 1 and beta 2 integrin-mediated cell . . . play a significant role.” (Planta Med 1998 Dec;64(8):683-5)The active principle of gravel . . .
3K - last updated 2006-05-08 13:04 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
[[Immunology]] ====See Also==== * [[Toll-like receptors (TLRs)]] * [[Interleukin-6 (IL-6)]] * [[Cytokines]] . . . * [[Growth Factors]] ====Description==== IL-1 is one of the most important immune modifying interleukins. . . . The predominant function of IL-1 is to enhance the activation of [[T lymphocyte]]s . . . to antigen. ====Discussion==== Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a [[cytokines|cytokine]] that is secreted . . . infection. There are a few molecules of the IL-1 family. The two most studied molecular forms of interleukin-1, . . .
4K - last updated 2006-05-13 10:00 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Interleukin-4 (IL-4)
[[Immunology]] ====See Also==== * [[Dietary lectins can induce in vitro release of IL-4 and IL-13 from . . . interleukin-4 receptor. New Eng. J. Med. 337: 1720-1725, 1997}}) described a polymorphism of the . . . consisted of an A-to-G transition at nucleotide 1902, causing a change from glutamine to arginine at . . . prospectively recruited adults, it was found in 13 of 20 subjects with atopy and in 5 of 30 without . . . alpha chain gene influence susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and its progression to AIDS. Immunogenetics . . .
4K - last updated 2006-05-17 00:54 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Interleukin-5 (IL-5)
[[Immunology]] ====See Also==== * [[Atopy]] * [[Cytokines]] * [[GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3)]] * [[T . . . Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005 Sep;20(9):1932-5. Epub 2005 May 26. Kojima K, Oda K, Homma H, . . . were significantly (P = 0.003, 0.003 and 0.031, respectively) decreased after switching to vitamin . . . cells.===== J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002 Feb;109(2):307-13. Upham JW, Sehmi R, Hayes LM, Howie K, . . . cultures of normal human bone marrow, ATRA (10(-6) mol/L) selectively suppressed eosinophil-basophil . . .
5K - last updated 2006-05-12 12:27 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
[[Immunology]] ====See Also==== * [[Cytokines]] * [[Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)]] * [[Toll-like receptors . . . macrophage. IL-6 is released in response to IL-1 and TNF-b ({{Makino T, Noguchi Y, Yoshikawa T, Doi . . . resistance in patients with cancer. Br J Surg. 1998 Dec;85(12):1658-62.}}) The IL-6 receptor is found . . . a co-stimulant for human T lymphocytes. Immunol. 1988 Sep 1;141(5):1556-62.}}) Recently, it has been . . . organ?". Exerc Sport Sci Rev 33 2005 (3): 114-9.}}). http://www.dadamo.com/wiki/il-6.jpg <i>Suggested . . .
5K - last updated 2006-05-31 18:11 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Interleukin-7 (IL-7)
[[Immunology]] ====See Also==== * [[Cytokines]] * [[Longevity]] * [[MUC1 Mucin]] ====Description==== . . . (IL-7) was initially isolated more than 10 years ago. Nevertheless, the complete set of physiologic . . . from bench to clinic. Blood, 1 June 2002, Vol. 99, No. 11, pp. 3892-3904}}) ====Discussion==== . . . of T cells. Microsc Res Tech 2003, 62:508-513.}}) The human DF3/MUC1 transmembrane protein is . . . other B cell malignancies. The regulation of MUC1 in B cells and its potential function as a signaling . . .
4K - last updated 2006-05-17 01:05 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck (Lamarckism)
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Epigenetics]] * [[Teleology]] ====Description==== Jean-Baptiste Pierre . . . Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (August 1, 1744 � December 28, 1829) was a French naturalist . . . was born in Bazentin-le-Petit, Picardy on 1st August, 1744. Born into poor nobility (hence chevalier . . . He began a series of public lectures. Before 1800, he was an essentialist who believed species were . . . develop an explanation, which he outlined in his 1809 work, Philosophie Zoologique. ====Lamarck's two . . .
6K - last updated 2006-06-02 10:58 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Joseph Charles Aub
[[Lectinology]] ====See Also==== * [[Lectins]] * [[Aberrent glycosylation in malignant and pre-malignant . . . states]] ====Biography==== Joseph Charles Aub, 1890-1973, BS, 1911, Harvard University, MD, 1914, . . . Aub was born on 13 May 1890 in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Samuel and Clara . . . Shohl Aub; he married Elizabeth Frances Cope in 1925. During World War I, Aub was part of an MGH unit . . . on the recently wounded. Aub returned to MGH in 1919 and was appointed Instructor of Physiology and . . .
5K - last updated 2007-01-06 13:23 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Joseph H. Greenberg
[[Linguistics]] ====See Also==== * [[Luigi Cavalli-Sforza]] * [[Main groups of languages spoken in Africa]] . . . Joseph Harold Greenberg (May 28, 1915 - May 7, 2001) was a prominent and controversial . . . to identify linguistic universals. In the late 1950's, Greenberg began to examine corpora of languages . . . for African languages, which he published in 1963. The classification was for a time considered . . . implicitly. =====Indo-Pacific languages===== In 1971 Greenberg proposed the Indo-Pacific languages . . .
7K - last updated 2006-06-06 10:49 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Karl Landsteiner
[[Serology]] ====See Also==== * [[Jan Jansky]] * [[Herrmann Stillmark]] * [[Boyd's Report of Lectin Specificity]] . . . ====Biography====Karl Landsteiner (June 14, 1868 - June 26, 1943), was an Austrian biologist . . . physician. He is noted for his development in 1901 of the modern system of classification of blood . . . the presence of agglutinins in the blood, and in 1930 he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. . . . S. Wiener, he identified the Rh factor in 1937. He was awarded an Lasker Award in 1946 posthumously. . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-02 18:13 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Kell Blood Group
[[Polymorphism]] ====See Also==== * [[Allele]] * [[Antigen]] * [[Blood group systems]] * [[Glycoproteins]] . . . T, Redman C. ''Molecular basis of the Kell (K1) phenotype.'' Blood. 1995 Feb 15;85(4):912-6. PMID . . . 7849312}}) ({{Lee S, Lin M, Mele A, Cao Y, Farmar J, Russo . . . by the kell blood group protein.'' Blood. 1999 Aug 15;94(4):1440-50. PMID 10438732}}) There are . . . Kell protein. Two such alleles, ''K<sub>1</sub>'' (Kell) and ''K<sub>2</sub>'' . . .
17K - last updated 2006-07-21 10:45 UTC by TomGreenfield
Kupffer cell
[[Immunology]] ====See Also==== * [[Alternate Complement Pathway]] * [[Cytokines]] * [[Endotoxin]] * . . . first observed by Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer in 1876. The scientist called them "sternzellen" (star . . . vessels and that they originated from it. In 1898, after several years of research, Tadeusz Browicz . . . liver—by interacting with a molecule called CD14 located on the surface of those cells. This interaction . . .
7K - last updated 2006-06-10 00:27 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Lectins in the United States Diet
[[References]] ====See Also==== * [[Lectins]] ====Lectins in the United States diet: a survey of lectins . . . Nachbar MS, Oppenheim JD Am J Clin Nutr 1980 Nov;33(11):2338-2345 ====Abstract==== Plant lectins . . . . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-03 19:24 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Leptin (LEP, obesity homolog)
[[Nutrigenomics]] ====See Also==== * [[INSIG2 (Insulin Induced Gene 2)]] * [[Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha . . . (TNFa)]] * [[Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1, mitochondrial, proton carrier)]] * [[Uncoupling . . . aliases: OB; OBS * Chromosome: 7; Location: 7q31.3 =====Summary===== This gene is similar to the mouse . . . A significant correlation between BMI and leptin . . . Body fat distribution does not serve as . . .
6K - last updated 2006-06-22 11:45 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Ligand
[[Biochemistry]] ====See Also==== * [[Agonist]] * [[G-protein-coupled receptors]] * [[Receptor]] * [[Receptor . . . activate the receptor is about 5 x 10-9 Molar (nM = nanomolar). In the example shown to . . .
5K - last updated 2006-07-08 10:37 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Longevity
[[Pathology]] ====See Also==== * [[Carnosine]] * [[Genetic architecture]] * [[Glycation]] * [[Hayflick . . . Haldane]] * [[p53]] * [[Resveratrol]] * [[SIRT1]] * [[Telomere]] * [[Telomerase]] * [[TEP1 telomerase-associated . . . protein 1]] ====Description==== '''Longevity''' is defined . . . on record that has been authenticated is the 122 years 164 days of Jeanne Calment, though fiction, . . . years (eg. Canada: 80.1 years, 2005 est)</td></tr> <tr><td>Second . . .
13K - last updated 2006-07-15 11:32 UTC by TomGreenfield
Ludwik Hirszfeld
[[Paleoserology]] ====See Also==== * [[AB Isogenes]] * [[A.E. Mourant]] * [[Hirszfeld and Hirszfeld, . . . 1919]] * [[Reuben Ottenberg]] * [[William Boyd]] ====Biography==== . . . '''Ludwik Hirszfeld''', (1884-1954), born in Warsaw, Poland. He was a professor . . . Hirszfeld is considered . . . in Poland shortly after the World War I. In 1946, he published his autobiography, <u>The . . .
9K - last updated 2007-04-22 00:00 UTC by TomGreenfield
Luigi Cavalli-Sforza
[[Paleoserology]] ====See Also==== * [[A.E. Mourant]] * [[Archaeogenetics]] * [[First Principle Component . . . (PC1)]] * [[Genes, peoples, and languages]] * [[Genealogical . . . Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza (born January 25, 1922) is an Italian population geneticist born in Genoa, . . . been a professor at Stanford University since 1970 (now emeritus). One of the most important geneticists . . . History and Geography of Human Genes </i>(1994 with Paolo Menozzi and Alberto Piazza) is considered . . .
6K - last updated 2006-06-01 04:32 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Lysine
[[Biochemistry]] ====See Also==== ====Description==== '''Lysine''' is one of the 20 amino acids normally . . . acid, and the human nutritional requirement is 1–1.5 g daily. A deficiency in lysine can result . . . amounts of lysine include: * Buffalo Gourd (10,130–33,000 ppm) in seed. * Berro, Watercress (1,340–26,800 . . . (Sp.), Moringa, West Indian Ben (5,370–25,165 ppm) in shoot. * Lentil (7,120–23,735 ppm) in . . . * Asparagus Pea, Goa Bean, Winged Bean (21,360–23,304 ppm) in seed. * Fat Hen (3,540–22,550 . . .
4K - last updated 2006-08-15 12:17 UTC by TomGreenfield
MC1R melanocortin 1 receptor (alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor)
[[Nutrigenomics]] ====See Also==== ====Description==== * Species: Homo sapiens * Chromosome: 16; Location: . . . 16q24.3 * GeneID: 4157 * Primary source: HGNC:6929 . . . ====Summary===== * Official Symbol: MC1R and Name: melanocortin 1 receptor (alpha melanocyte . . . * Gene type: protein coding * Gene name: MC1R * Gene aliases: MSH-R; MGC14337 ====Description==== . . . Altered cell surface expression of human MC1R variant receptor alleles associated with red hair . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-25 10:01 UTC by PeterDAdamo
MUC1 Mucin
[[Glycomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Mucin]] * [[Aberrent glycosylation in malignant and pre-malignant . . . * [[Sialyltransferases]] ====Description==== Muc1 is a heavily [[O-linked|O-glycosylated]] transmembrane . . . of glandular epithelium. In breast cancer Muc1 is overexpressed; is underglycosylated and the apical . . . localization is lost. Muc1 is transcribed as a larger precursor which is cleaved . . . like subunit (265-400kDa) and a smaller subunit (14-28kDa) noncovalently associated with each other. . . .
4K - last updated 2006-05-03 22:50 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Main groups of languages spoken in Africa
[[Linguistics]] ====See Also==== * [[Nilo-Saharan languages]] ====Description==== http://www.dadamo.com/wiki/africa.jpg . . . Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK 1983.}}), after Joseph Greenberg. ====Links==== ====References==== . . .
1K - last updated 2006-06-06 10:39 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Mannose
[[Glycomics]] ====Description==== http://www.dadamo.com/mannose.GIF ====Discussion==== Ingested mannose . . . in organs increased 2- to 6-fold at 1-8 hours.2 ,3 In a pharmacokinetic study in humans, . . . with increasing oral doses of mannose (0.07-0.21 gram mannose/kg body weight—equivalent to approximately . . . 5-15 grams in a 150-lb human). Peak blood mannose concentrations . . . occurred at 1-2 hours following ingestion, and the clearance half-time . . .
4K - last updated 2006-04-21 10:09 UTC by ool-435621f6.dyn.optonline.net
Map of human migrations by haplogroup
[[Archaeogenetics]] ====See Also==== * [[Haplogroups]] * [[Mitochrondrial DNA Haplogroups]] * [[Mitochondrial . . . T, U, X * Near Eastern: J, N * African: L, L1, L2, L3, L3* * Asian: A, B, C, D, E, F, G (note: . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-27 12:20 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Mass lexical comparison
[[Linguistics]] ====See Also==== * [[Joseph H. Greenberg]] * [[Luigi Cavalli-Sforza]] * [[Nilo-Saharan . . . development of comparative linguistics in the 19th century, a linguist who claims that two languages . . . between languages that have split off more than 10,000 years ago. Considering that humans probably . . . Indo-European discussed by Poser and Campbell (1992). To take another example, virtually no one today . . . accepts the proposal by Radin (1919) that all of the languages of North America are . . .
14K - last updated 2006-06-08 07:46 UTC by TomGreenfield
Mesomorphic
[[Anthropometry]] ====See Also==== * [[Arrangement of the somatotypes according to rarity]] * [[Ectomorphic]] . . . Somatotyping by ABO blood groups] Mesomorphic is . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-24 20:51 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism
[[Polymorphism]] ====See Also==== * [[Mutation]] * [[Thymidylate synthase (TS) polymorphism]] * [[5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate . . . ====Description==== Cytogenetic Location: 1p36.3 Molecular Location on chromosome 1: base pairs . . . 11,769,246 to 11,788,568 The MTHFR [[gene]] provides . . . B9. Specifically, this enzyme converts [[5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)|5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate]] . . . % are heterozygous for the mutation (i.e. have 1 variant gene). These individuals have some normal . . .
5K - last updated 2006-05-26 06:58 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Microvilli
[[Physiology]] ====See Also==== * [[Villi]] * [[Mucosa]] * [[Lectins]] * [[Polyamines]] ====Description==== . . . microvilli) is a small (0.08 �m in diameter, 1 �m long) extension of the cell surface of absorptive . . . of white blood cells. http://medinfo.ufl.edu/year1/histo/images/fig03.gif Microvilli are covered in . . .
5K - last updated 2006-04-22 12:43 UTC by ool-435621f6.dyn.optonline.net
Mid digital hair
[[Polymorphism]] ====See Also==== * [[Digit ratio]] ====Description==== Danforth ({{Danforth, C. H., . . . A. I. P. A., 4, 189-204 (1921)}}) suggested that complete absence of . . . Danforth reported a study of 80 families with 178 children. Bernstein and Burks ({{Bernstein, M. . . . M., and B. S. Burks, Heredity, 33, 45-53 (1942)}}) extended Danforth's study, but concluded that . . . the hypothesis of five multiple alleles, D0, D1,D2,D3, D4 (listed in order of increasing dominance) . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-15 14:46 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Mitochondrial DNA
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)]] * [[Inheritance]] * [[Mitochondria]] . . . which is found in the nucleus. Virtually 100% of the mtDNA contribution to a conceptus is inherited . . . Human mitochondrial DNA consists of 5-10 rings of DNA and appears to carry 16,568 base pairs . . . with 37 [[gene]]s (13 proteins, 22 [[RNA|tRNAs]] and two rRNAs) which . . . by the egg cell after fertilization. In 1999 it was reported that paternal sperm mitochondria . . .
5K - last updated 2006-05-27 12:32 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Mitochondrial genetics
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Codon]] * [[Haplogroups]] * [[Mitochondria]] * [[Mitochrondrial DNA . . . circular molecule and in most species codes for 13 or 14 proteins involved in the electron transfer . . . the electron transfer chain is much larger than 13 or 14, but the remainder is in fact coded by the . . . are carried by the each mitochondrion (2-10 in humans), mitochondrial [[mutation]]s can be inherited . . . tRNA molecules. Human mtDNA consists of 16,569 nucleotide pairs. The entire molecule is regulated . . .
8K - last updated 2006-06-04 13:30 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Mitochrondrial DNA Haplogroups
[[Archaeogenetics]] ====See Also==== * [[Haplogroups]] * [[Map of human migrations by haplogroup]] * . . . [[Haplogroup K (mtDNA)|K]], L, [[Haplogroup L1 (mtDNA)|L1]], [[Haplogroup L2 (mtDNA)|L2]], [[Haplogroup . . . are subject to academic debate. =====L1 and its descendants===== * Haplogroup L1 ** Haplogroup . . . of haplogroup M===== * Haplogroup M1 * Haplogroup CZ ** Haplogroup C ** Haplogroup Z * . . . =====Descendants of haplogroup N= * Haplogroup N1a * Haplogroup N1b * Haplogroup A * Haplogroup I * . . .
3K - last updated 2007-04-29 08:02 UTC by TomGreenfield
Mucosal Immune Response
[[Immunology]] ====Description==== <div class="quote"> [http://www.dadamo.com/knowbase/immunity/immunity5.htm . . . Source] ====Quoted Text==== In 1919 [[Alexandre Mikhailovich Besredka]] showed that . . . of the serum antibody level. Davis, in 1922, showed that fecal antibody was present in the . . . The discovery of the immunoglobulin classes in 1940, followed by the demonstration of a predominance . . .
2K - last updated 2006-04-17 19:17 UTC by dhcp64-134-129-168.wbt.phx.wayport.net
Myeloperoxidase
[[Immunology]] ====Description==== Myeloperoxidase is a lysosomal enzyme that is found in white blood . . . Source] ====Functions of Myeloperoxidase==== . . . system has been recently described [39-41]. MPO products are also involved in initiation of . . . activity under inflammatory conditions [50, 51]. Compound I of MPO is able to oxidize nitrite to . . . nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at a significant rate [21]. In inflammatory models, the immunoreactivity of . . .
6K - last updated 2006-04-19 20:57 UTC by ool-435621f6.dyn.optonline.net
N-acetyl muramic acid
[[Biochemistry]] ====See Also==== * [[Peptidoglycan]] ====Description==== N-Acetylmuramic acid, or MurNAc, . . . N-acetyl glucosamine with a chemical formula of C11H19NO8. It is part of the bacterial cell wall, a . . . The CAS number of N-acetyl muramic acid is 1114-41-6. MurNAc is a monosaccharide derivative of . . .
1K - last updated 2006-04-24 22:04 UTC by ool-435621f6.dyn.optonline.net
N-acetylglucosamine
[[Glycomics]] ====Description==== N-Acetylglucosamine, or GlcNAc is a monosaccharide derivative of glucose. . . . N-acetyl glucosamine units connected by 1 > 4 linkages. It is only exceptionally found in . . .
1K - last updated 2006-04-21 11:57 UTC by ool-435621f6.dyn.optonline.net
Nathan Sharon
[[Lectinology]] ====See Also==== * [[Lectins]] * [[Carbohydrate]] * [[Lectins]] ====Biography==== http://www.dadamo.com/wiki/sharon.jpg . . . . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-09 17:44 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Natural Killer (NK) Cells
[[Immunology]] ====See Also==== * [[T lymphocyte]] * [[Cell mediated immunity]] * [[Cytokines]] ====Definition==== . . . Larix occidentalis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1993;36:237-44}}) This cytotoxicity or overall activity . . . cell recognition and function. J Clin Immunol 1996 Sep;16(5):243-53}}) These receptors express several . . . functions of natural killer cells. Glycobiology 1991 Sep;1(4):321-8}}) ====NK activity as a functional . . . prostate cancer, PIN and BPH. Anticancer Res 1997;17:1671-5.}}) =====Natural Killer cell activity . . .
8K - last updated 2006-05-03 21:02 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Natural Selection in Man, The ABO(H) Blood Group System
[[Paleoserology]] ====See Also==== * [[William Boyd]] ====Natural Selection in Man: The ABO(H) Blood . . . John. American Anthropologist September, 1959 Vol. 61(3):437-451. In this article Buettner-Janusch . . . for by the effect of natural [[mutation]]"(Ford, 1940). Buettner hypothesizes that it is natural selection . . . [http://www.publicanthropology.org/Archive/Aa1959.htm] ====Discussion==== ====Links==== [http://www.publicanthropology.org/ . . .
3K - last updated 2006-05-21 05:14 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Neo-Springerism
[[Serology]] ====See Also==== * [[Thomsen-Friedenreich (T-Tn) antigen]] ====Biography==== George Springer . . . year survival|| ||stage II||7 patients||100 percent alive with no evidence of disease (N.E.D.)|| . . . ||stage III||6 patients||100 percent alive, 3 with N.E.D., 3 with cancer but . . . fully functional|| ||stage IV||6 patients||100 percent alive; 4 with N.E.D., 2 with cancer but . . . year survival|| ||stage II||5 patients||100 percent alive|| ||stage III||5 patients||60 percent . . .
2K - last updated 2006-04-28 21:52 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Neuraminic acid
[[Immunology]] ====See Also==== * [[Glycans]] * [[Carbohydrates as Biological Markers]] * [[Sialogens]] . . . a couple of days out of the normal lifetime of 120. In spite of these striking correlations there . . . . . .
4K - last updated 2006-05-06 10:13 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Neuraminidase
[[Immunology]] ====Description==== Neuraminidase is an antigenic glycoprotein enzyme (EC 3.2.1.18) found . . . various species of duck and chicken. Subtypes N1 and N2 have been positively linked to epidemics in . . .
1K - last updated 2006-04-20 00:11 UTC by ool-435621f6.dyn.optonline.net
Neutral theory of molecular evolution
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[ABO and Secretor Blood group Genetics]] * [[Genetic drift]] * [[Motoo . . . effect by [[Motoo Kimura]] in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Although the theory was received . . . were widespread, like Sueoka ({{Sueoka, N. (1962). "On the genetic basis of variation and heterogeneity . . . was first formalized by Motoo Kimura in 1968, followed quickly by King and Jukes provocative . . . Evolution" ({{King, J.L. and Jukes, T.H (1969). "Non-Darwinian Evolution". Science 164: 788-798.}}). . . .
9K - last updated 2006-07-10 14:47 UTC by ool-43560645.dyn.optonline.net
Nitric Oxide
[[Biochemistry]] ====See Also==== * [[Argininosuccinate synthase]] * [[Arginine]] * [[Endothelial dysfunction]] . . . the biological functions of nitric oxide in the 1980s came as a complete surprise and caused quite . . . Nitric oxide was named "Molecule of the Year" in 1992 by the journal Science, a Nitric Oxide Society . . . The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1998 was awarded to Ferid Murad, Robert F. Furchgott, . . . slices and in the thalamus in vivo (Do et al., 1994). * McFadzean J, et al Nitric oxide ABO blood . . .
9K - last updated 2006-08-03 07:57 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Nucleotide
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Base pair]] * [[Chromosome]] * [[DNA]] * [[Gene]] * [[RNA]] * [[Single . . . Nuelcotide Page from Reactome.org] ====Attribution==== . . .
2K - last updated 2006-07-16 04:21 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
On the mechanism of specific precipitation
[[References]] ====ON THE MECHANISM OF SPECIFIC PRECIPITATION==== [[William Boyd|William C. Boyd Ph.D.]] . . . Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol 75, 407-419, Copyright, 1942, by The Rockefeller Institute for . . . are finally observed. Submitted on January 20, 1942 [http://www.jem.org/cgi/reprint/75/4/407?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=1&author1=william+boyd&andorexacttitle=and&andorexacttitleabs=and&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-03 12:18 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Opsonization
[[Immunology]] ====See Also==== * [[Mannan-binding lectin (MBL)]] * [[Collectin]] * [[Macrophage]] * . . . index against the Diploccus Pneumonia, 70 to 109 per cent. (Boericke) ====Links==== * [http://www.gak.co.jp/FCCA/glycoword/wordE.html . . .
3K - last updated 2006-04-25 20:55 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Optimum Proportions Determination (Flocculation Optima)
[[Serology]] ====See Also==== * [[Flocculation]] * [[Precipitin]] This is a convenient way to estimate . . . Wassermann tubes serial dilutions (successively 1:2 or 1:3) of the antigen, starting with a solution . . . made. Dilute enough serum for the rough test 1:5 or 1:10, depending on its probable strength. Have . . . ready a little rack of small tubes of 1 ml. capacity in a water bath at 37 degrees C. (or . . . being one-third immersed in the water. With a 1-ml. pipet add 0.5 ml. of the diluted serum to the . . .
5K - last updated 2006-05-11 10:18 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Ornithine decarboxylase
[[Biochemistry]] ====See Also==== * [[Polyamines]] * [[Putrescine]] ====Description==== Ornithine decarboxylase . . . (ODC) is a homodimer of 461 amino acids (in humans, at least) that catalyzes . . . Ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1) NCBI entry] * [http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514266315/html/ . . . [http://biocyc.org/META/NEW-IMAGE?object=MONOMER-11542 MetaCyc Enzyme: ornithine decarboxylase] * [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=345275 . . .
3K - last updated 2006-08-10 07:06 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Otitis (ear) infection and ABO blood groups
[[Pathology]] ====See Also==== * [[Oligosaccharide]] * [[Collectins]] ====Maternal blood group in otitis . . . media with effusion==== Clin Otolaryngol 1994 Aug;19(4):327-331 Gannon MM, Jagger C, Haggard . . . (AOM) before the first birthday gave a RR of 6.13. When these two factors were used together, the . . . media and cholesteatoma.==== Clin Otolaryngol 1983 Aug;8(4):263-265 Mortensen EH, Lildholdt T, Gammelgard . . . NP, Christensen PH * The ABO blood groups of 610 patients with documented secretory otitis media . . .
4K - last updated 2006-04-28 10:44 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Otitis media (ear infection) and ABO Blood Groups
[[Pathology]] ====Description==== ====Discussion==== Risk factors for otitis media with effusion (OME) . . . (AOM) before the first birthday gave a RR of 6.13. When these two factors were used together, the . . . prediction. (2) The ABO blood groups of 610 patients with documented secretory otitis media . . . (SOM) and of 361 patients with cholesteatoma were compared with those . . . significant and the incidence ratio was 1.49. In both disease entities a preponderance of males . . .
3K - last updated 2006-04-17 19:47 UTC by dhcp64-134-129-168.wbt.phx.wayport.net
Oxidative stress
[[Biochemistry]] ====See Also==== * [[Longevity]] * [[Glycation]] * [[Flavonoid glycosides]] * [[Uncoupling . . . Superoxide, is produced deleteriously by 1-electron transfers in the mitochondrial electron . . . have been implicated in inactivation of alpha 1-antitrypsin in the lung. This process promotes the . . . C to leak out. This cytochrome C binds to Apaf-1, or apoptotic protease activating factor-1, which . . . from the ATPs in the mitochondrion, the Apaf-1 and cytochrome C bind together to form apoptosomes. . . .
11K - last updated 2006-05-21 06:08 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
P (P1, P2) Blood Group
[[Polymorphism]] ====Description==== The biochemical nature of the antigens of the P blood group has . . . production. Recently, another virus, parvovirus B19, has been associated with the P blood group system. . . . In healthy children, parvovirus B19 infection manifests itself with a malar rash while . . . risk of developing complications due to B19 are those with sickle cell disease and [[The thalassemias|thalassemia]]. . . . ====Discussion==== The P1 antigen is found in hydatid cyst fluid, and in a . . .
3K - last updated 2006-06-11 04:11 UTC by DonStJohn
Paleoserology
A branch of anthropology that is concerned with the characteristics of ancient environments and with . . . on differing distribution of blood types. By 1940 and after several hundred studies that tested . . . of human population genetics in the late 1930s and 1940s which redefined humans into gene pools . . .
1K - last updated 2006-05-03 12:46 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) polymorphism
[[Polymorphism]] ====See Also==== * [[Fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP-2) polymorphism]] ====Description==== . . . A common [[polymorphism]] at codon 192 in the PON1 [[gene]] (168820.0001) has been shown . . . mark a functional mutation present in either PON1 or a nearby gene. Sanghera et al. (1998) described . . . a common polymorphism at codon 311 of the PON2 gene: cys311 to ser (PON2*S; 602447.0001).({{Sanghera, . . . polymorphisms in two paraoxonase genes (PON1 and PON2) are associated with the risk of coronary . . .
3K - last updated 2006-05-21 06:41 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Paul Ehrlich
[[Immunology]] ====See Also==== * [[Lectins]] * [[Boyd's Report of Lectin Specificity]] ====Biographic . . . Information==== Paul Ehrlich (March 14, 1854 – August 20, 1915) was a German scientist . . . who won the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He is noted . . . http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1908/ehrlich.gif ====Discussion==== [[Herrmann Stillmark|Stillmark’s]] . . . * [http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1908/ehrlich-bio.html Nobel Prize Biography Page] . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-02 18:03 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Pepsin
[[Physiology]] ====See Also==== * [[Gastrin]] * [[Serpins]] * [[Serum pepsinogen levels and ABO blood . . . Pepsin is a digestive protease (EC 3.4.23.1) released by the chief cells in the stomach that . . . Pepsin was discovered by Theodor Schwann in 1836. It was the first animal enzyme to be discovered. . . .
2K - last updated 2006-04-26 12:44 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Peptidoglycan
[[Immunology]] ====See Also==== * [[Pattern recognition receptors]] ====Description==== Peptidoglycan, . . . dry weight of Gram-positive bacteria but only 10% of Gram-negative strains. ====Antibiotic inhibition==== . . . with the bacterial species. ====References==== 1. Madigan M; Martinko J (editors). (2005). Brock Biology . . . of Microorganisms, 11th ed., Prentice Hall. ISBN 0131443291. 2. a b Salton . . . MRJ, Kim KS (1996). Structure. In: Baron's Medical Microbiology . . .
3K - last updated 2006-05-21 06:48 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Peripheral artery disease and ABO Blood Groups
[[Pathology]] ====See Also==== * [[Clotting factors]] ====Description==== In medicine (vascular surgery), . . . the expected predominance of blood type A (61%). (1) The ABO blood groups were determined in 125 . . . groups. Group A the highest ====Referrences==== 1. Horby J, Gyrtrup HJ, Grande P, Vestergaard A. Relation . . . claudication. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 1989 Jul;30(4):533-537 2. Robinson WM, Roisenberg I. . . . groups in a Brazilian population. Hum Genet 1980;55(1):129-131 3. Koster T, Blann AD, Briet E, . . .
3K - last updated 2006-04-20 22:43 UTC by ool-435621f6.dyn.optonline.net
Pestilence, diet, natural selection, and the distribution of microbial and human blood group antigens and antibodies
[[Paleoserology]] ====See Also==== * [[Human blood groups and anthropology]] * [[Natural Selection in . . . Charlotte M. Otten. Current Anthropology June, 1967 Vol.8(3):209-223.[http://www.publicanthropology.org/Archive/Ca1967.htm] . . .
6K - last updated 2006-05-02 19:34 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Peter D'Adamo
====Biography==== '''Peter J D'Adamo''' ND is a naturopathic physician noted for his popular books on . . . (ND) from Bastyr College, Seattle WA, in 1982, and is licensed as a naturopathic physician in . . . a medical practice in Wilton, Connecticut. In 1990 D'Adamo was awarded ''Physician of the Year'' . . . With the publication of Eat Right 4 Your Type in 1996, D'Adamo became known internationally as an author. . . . In 2001 D'Adamo founded the [[Institute for Human Individuality]] . . .
5K - last updated 2010-01-10 13:56 UTC by ool-45774157.dyn.optonline.net
Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
[[Biochemistry]] ====See Also==== * [[Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)]] * [[Second messengers]] . . . hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds. There are 11 families of PDEs, namely PDE1-PDE11. PDEs are responsible . . .
1K - last updated 2006-06-26 11:19 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Platelets
[[Immunology]] ====See Also==== * [[Rheology]] * [[Factor VIII]] * [[Clotting factors]] ====Description==== . . . is damaged), thrombin (primarily through PAR-1), ADP, with receptors expressed on white blood cells . . . platelet activating factors. ====References==== 1. Stockelberg D, Hou M, Rydberg L, Kutti J, Wadenvik . . . on platelet glycoproteins IV and V. Transfus Med 1996 Sep;6(3):243-8 ====Links==== . . .
2K - last updated 2006-04-20 22:39 UTC by ool-435621f6.dyn.optonline.net
Pleiotropy
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Genetic linkage]] * [[Phenotype]] ====Description==== The term pleiotropy . . . of ageing first developed by G. C. Williams in 1957. Williams suggested that one gene is responsible . . . Pleiotropic Effects and Lethal . . . Genes] * [http://www.nature.com/msb/journal/v1/n1/full/msb4100004.html A global view of pleiotropy . . . * [http://www.ijdb.ehu.es/fulltext.9803/ft501.pdf Seven types of pleiotropy (PDF)] ====Attribution==== . . .
3K - last updated 2006-06-19 07:09 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Ploidy
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Allele]] * [[Centromere]] * [[Chromosome]] * [[Differentiation, cellular]] . . . syndrome and others) and of chromosome 21 (the cause of Down syndrome) are relatively common. . . . as bacteria may have a chromosome copy number of 1 to 4, and that number is commonly fractional, counting . . . analysis, 7th ed. W. H. Freeman, New York ISBN 0716735202 ====Attribution==== * This article is licensed . . .
7K - last updated 2006-06-26 10:09 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
[[Biochemistry]] ====See Also==== * [[Carcinogen]] ====Description==== Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons . . . carcinogen to be discovered. Naphthalene (C10H8), consisting of two coplanar six-membered rings . . .
3K - last updated 2006-05-27 11:03 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Principal components analysis (PCA)
[[Concepts]] ====See Also==== * [[Eigenvalue, eigenvector and eigenspace]] * [[First Principle Component . . . (PC1)]] * [[Luigi Cavalli-Sforza]] * [[Multivariate statistics]] . . . <i>The blue lines represent 2 consecutive . . . case, the relationship between them is d = 1-- r , where r is a correlation and d a distance measure . . . ||Europe ||America ||Australia|| ||RH*D- ||20 ||15 ||36 ||2 ||0|| ||ABO*O ||69 ||60 ||65 ||90 ||76|| . . .
7K - last updated 2006-06-09 12:31 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Proteoglycan
[[Glycomics]] ====See Also==== * [[ABH Antigens]] * [[Carbohydrates as Biological Markers]] * [[Glycoconjugates]] . . . [[glycosylated]] by one or more (up to about 100) [[glycosaminoglycans]]. The glycosaminoglycans . . .
2K - last updated 2006-04-21 10:10 UTC by ool-435621f6.dyn.optonline.net
Pyrimidine
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[DNA]] * [[Nucleotide]] * [[RNA]] ====Description==== '''Pyrimidine''' . . . containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 of the six-member ring. It is isomeric with . . . before being attached to 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP). The first step begins with . . . Triplex-induced recombination and repair in . . . Intercalator conjugates of pyrimidine locked . . .
4K - last updated 2006-08-20 07:22 UTC by TomGreenfield
Quantitative trait locus analysis
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Epistasis]] * [[Genetic linkage]] * [[Haplotype]] * [[Phenotype]] ====Description==== . . . The QTL techniques were developed in the late 1980s and can be performed on inbred strains of any . . . to common disease. Penrose, L.S. Acta.Genet. (1953b), 4, 257-265.] * [http://www.gene.ucl.ac.uk/anhumgen/graded.html . . . Human Characters. Penrose, L.S. Ann. Eugen. (1937), 8, 233-237.] ====Attribution==== * This article . . .
6K - last updated 2006-06-27 10:51 UTC by PeterDAdamo
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Allele]] * [[Chromosome]] * [[Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)]] * [[Genetic . . . the TΨC loop of every tRNA). There are nearly 100 other naturally occurring modified bases, many . . . ribosomes contain four different rRNA molecules: 18S, 5.8S, 28S, and 5S rRNA. Three of the rRNA molecules . . . process of translation. However, since the late 1990s, many new RNA genes have been found, and thus . . . role than previously thought. In the late 1990s and early 2000, there has been persistent evidence . . .
6K - last updated 2006-07-06 11:10 UTC by PeterDAdamo
RNA Interference (RNAi)
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Dicer]] * [[DNA]] * [[RNA]] * [[Translation (RNA translation)]] ====Description==== . . . in the USA and the Netherlands (Napoli et al., 1990). The goal was to produce petunia plants with . . . a potent gene silencing effect (Fire et al., 1998). They coined the term RNAi. ====Gene knockdown==== . . . * [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3210/02.html NOVA Science describes RNAi] ====Attribution==== . . .
9K - last updated 2006-07-06 10:47 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Reactions of normal and tumor cell surfaces to enzymes, I. wheat-germ lipase and associated mucopolysaccharides
[[References]] ====Reactions of normal and tumor cell surfaces to enzymes, I. wheat-germ lipase and associated . . . Carol Tieslau, and Ann Lankester PNAS, Oct 1963; 50: 613 - 619. * [http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/50/4/613?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=1&author1=%22joseph+c.+aub%22&andorexacttitle=and&andorexacttitleabs=and&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&tdate=5/31/2006&resourcetype=HWCIT . . .
1K - last updated 2006-05-03 19:16 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Recapitulation theory
[[Concepts]] ====See Also==== * [[Ontogeny]] * [[Phylogeny]] * [[Neoteny]] * [[Paedomorphic variations]] . . . humans and other animals. First espoused in 1866 by German zoologist Ernst Haeckel, a contemporary . . .
5K - last updated 2006-06-27 09:54 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Receptor
[[Biochemistry]] ====See Also==== * [[G-protein-coupled receptors]] * [[Ligand]] * [[Receptor antagonist]] . . . Insulin receptor (Insulin) * Eph receptors * IGF-1 Receptor * various other receptors for growth factors . . . receptors (PPARs) =====Various===== * sigma1 (neurosteroids)) * IP3 receptor (inositol triphosphate, . . .
5K - last updated 2006-07-08 10:37 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Rheology
[[Polymorphism]] ====See Also==== * [[Clotting factors]] * [[Endothelial dysfunction]] * [[Factor VIII]] . . . Bingham, a professor at Lehigh University, in 1920, from a suggestion by a colleague, Markus Reiner. . . . Influence of ABO Blood Group. Anesth Analg. 2001 Jun;92(6):1396-1401.}}) Associations between the . . . in patients with hypertension. Cardiovasc Res. 1970 Jan;4(1):50-60}}), stress, diabetes ({{Dintenfass . . . capillaries in diabetes mellitus. Microvasc Res. 1977 Sep;14(2):161-72.}}), heart attack, cancer and . . .
5K - last updated 2006-06-24 19:06 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Rhesus Blood Group and Hearing Loss
[[Pathology]] ====Description==== A study at the Hamad General Hospital in the State of Qatar on hearing . . . loss in children (1) found a significant correlation between hearing . . . individuals at higher risk. ====References==== 1. Bener A, Eihakeem AA,Abdulhadi K Is there any association . . . loss. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, March 1, 2005; 69(3): 327-33. Pubmed 15733591 2. Dogru H, . . . Tuz M, Uygur K Acta Otolaryngol. 2003 Oct;123(8):941-2. Correlation between blood group and noise-induced . . .
2K - last updated 2006-04-17 02:44 UTC by dhcp64-134-129-168.wbt.phx.wayport.net
Ricin
[[Lectinology]] ====Description==== The protein ricin is a toxin from the castor bean (Ricinus communis). . . . average lethal dose in humans of 0.2 milligrams (1/5,000th of a gram), though some sources give higher . . .
1K - last updated 2006-05-04 16:03 UTC by TomGreenfield
Robert Russell Race and Ruth Sanger
[[Serology]] ====See Also==== * [[R.A. Fisher]] * [[Fisher-Race Theory of Rhesus Inheritance]] ====Description==== . . . ====Discussion==== Robert Race (28 November 1907 - 15 April 1984) and Ruth Sanger are undoubtedly . . . the period following the Second World War up to 1980. Their contribution to the understanding of blood . . . before he and Arthur Mourant moved, in 1946, to the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine . . . and practice of blood group science. In 1947 Robert Race was joined by Ruth Sanger, who became . . .
3K - last updated 2006-05-31 17:27 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Roger Williams
[[Nutrigenomics]] ====Biographic Information==== Professor Roger John Williams (August 14, 1893 – February . . . 20, 1988), was a biochemist who named folic acid and discovered . . . the phrase [[Genetotrophic Concept]] in his 1956 book [[Biochemical Individuality]] ====Links==== . . .
1K - last updated 2006-04-17 00:56 UTC by dhcp64-134-129-168.wbt.phx.wayport.net
STAT3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (acute-phase response factor)
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[G Quartet oligonucleotides]] * [[Interleukin-6 (IL-6)]] * [[Transcription . . . 3 (acute-phase response factor) Chromosome: 17; Location: 17q21.31 STAT3 is a [[Transcription Factor|transcription . . . cell growth and apoptosis. The small GTPase Rac1 has been shown to bind and regulate the activity . . . Pubmed] * Results indicate that genetic variants . . . of asthma treatment, are determinants of FEV1 in both adults and children with asthma. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=15935090 . . .
3K - last updated 2006-05-31 18:22 UTC by PeterDAdamo
STAT Protein
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Cytokines]] * [[Janus kinase (JAK)]] * [[Transcription factors]] * . . . STAT family members identified are: STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5a, STAT5b and STAT6. STAT1 . . . Genes). In type I interferon signalling, STAT1-STAT2 heterodimer combines with IRF9 (Interferon . . . transported out of the nucleus by exportin crm1/RanGTP. ====Discussion==== ====Links==== ====Attribution==== . . .
3K - last updated 2006-06-26 11:09 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Scientific reductionism
[[Concepts]] ====See Also==== * [[Complex Systems]] * [[Holism]] * [[Simillimum]] The term scientific . . . has no fixed meaning. ({{Daniel Dennett (1995) Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings . . . Denial of Human Nature. Viking Penguin., p. 10}})</i> In light of this, it might be wise . . .
6K - last updated 2006-06-06 01:54 UTC by Arlene Holloman
Separation of Individuals of Any Blood Group into Secretors and Non-Secretors by Use of a Plant Agglutinin (Lectin)
[[References]] ====Separation of Individuals of Any Blood Group into Secretors and Non-Secretors by Use . . . C. Boyd]] and Elizabeth Shapleich Blood, 1954, Vol. 9, No. 12, pp. 1195-1198. � 1954 American . . . Ulex europeus], is suitable for the routine separation . . . undiluted Ulex extract. Submitted on March 3, 1954 Accepted on April 20, 1954 * [http://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/reprint/9/12/1195?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&author1=william+boyd&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-03 12:33 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Serine proteases
[[Physiology]] ====See Also==== * [[Serpins]] * [[Zymogen]] ====Description==== In biochemistry, serine . . . amino acids: histidine (His 57), serine (Ser 195) (hence the name "serine protease") and aspartic . . . acid (Asp 102). Located near the heart of the enzyme, these three . . . that additional amino acids of the protease, Gly 193 and Ser 195, are involved in creating what is called . . . an oxyanion hole. Both Gly 193 and Ser 195 have nitrogen-hydrogen bonds. When . . .
12K - last updated 2006-05-23 05:55 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Serpins
[[Physiology]] ====See Also==== * [[Alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT)]] * [[Serine proteases]] * [[Serum pepsinogen . . . particularly the squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1 (SCCA1), have been shown to inhibit cysteine proteases . . . Proteins in the serpin class: * Alpha 1-antitrypsin (probably the best-characterised serpin); . . . * Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin; * Alpha 2-antiplasmin (inhibitor . . . factor X, factor IX and thrombin); * Complement 1-inhibitor; * Neuroserpin (recently discovered, mutated . . .
6K - last updated 2006-05-27 15:23 UTC by TomGreenfield
Serum gastrin concentrations and ABO blood group
[[Polymorphism]] ====See Also==== * [[Serum pepsinogen levels and ABO blood groups]] ====Serum gastrin . . . G Acta Hepatogastroenterol (Stuttg) 1978 Dec;25(6):482-486 The concentrations of gastrin . . . were measured by the RIA method in the sera of 121 healthy Greek volunteers of both sexes and of different . . . in a fasting state in all the individuals and 10 min and 40 min after a test meal in 42 of them. . . . this significant increase had appeared already 10 min after the meal. . . .
2K - last updated 2006-04-26 12:03 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Serum pepsinogen levels and ABO blood groups
[[Polymorphism]] ====See Also==== * [[Serum gastrin concentrations and ABO blood group]] * [[Pepsinogen]] . . . * [[Alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT)]] ====Relations between serum . . . BD, Meuwissen SG, Biemond I Ann Hum Biol 1985 Sep;12(5):403-411 Serum pepsinogen A (pepsinogen . . . SJ, Siddiqui AA, Waqar MA JPMA J Pak Med Assoc 1997 May;47(5):135-137 PMRC Research Centre, Jinnah . . . Karachi. Serum [[pepsinogen]], [[Alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT)]] and blood groups were studied . . .
3K - last updated 2006-04-26 12:36 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Shigella Infection and ABO Blood Groups
[[Pathology]] ====Description==== Named after a Japanese scientist named Shiga who discovered it in 1897, . . . mild illness and others a more severe one. About 18,000 cases of Shigella infection are diagnosed each . . . A significant association (P less than 0.01) of blood group B was observed with shigellosis cases . . . risk of shigellosis. ====References==== 1. J Assoc Physicians India 1991 Jun;39(6):452-453 . . .
2K - last updated 2006-04-17 18:36 UTC by dhcp64-134-129-168.wbt.phx.wayport.net
Sialic acid and sialyltransferase dysfunction in breast cancer
[[Pathology]] ====See Also==== * [[Glycomics]] * [[Soyasaponins]] * [[Sialotransferases]] ====Discussion==== . . . patients===== Int J Biol Markers. 2003 Apr-Jun;18(2):116-22. Hebbar M, Krzewinski-Recchi MA, Hornez . . . ST3Gal IV, ST3Gal I and ST3Gal II) in tumors of 135 surgically treated node-negative breast cancer . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-01 21:35 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Sialyl Lewis X (SLeX)
[[Polymorphism]] ====See Also==== * [[Carbohydrate]] * [[Carbohydrates as Biological Markers]] * [[Cell . . . surface of white blood cells. It has been shown1 that SLeX has an important role in inflamation processes. . . . Studies on mechanism of Sialy Lewis-X antigen . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-06 12:03 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Sialyltransferases
[[Glycomics]] ====See Also==== * [[MUC1 Mucin]] * [[Aberrent glycosylation in malignant and pre-malignant . . . Symbol||Aliases||Approved Name|| ||SIAT1||CD75,ST6Gal I||sialyltransferase 1 (beta-galactoside . . . as yet)|||| ||SIAT4A||ST3O, SIATFL, ST3GalA.1, <i>ST3Gal I||sialyltransferase 4A (beta-galactoside . . . 7 ((alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetyl galactosaminide alpha-2,6- sialyltransferase)|| . . . ((alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3- beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetyl galactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase)|| . . .
10K - last updated 2006-05-01 20:40 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Siglecs
[[Lectinology]] ====See Also==== * [[19q13.3]] * [[Carbohydrates as Biological Markers]] * [[Cell Adhesion . . . I-type lectins are . . . and MAG are clustered on human chromosome 19q and the syntenic murine chromosome 7. Twenty related . . . residues, including Siaα2-3Galβ1-3GalNAc and Siaα2-3Galβ1-3(4)GlcNAc. . . . sialic acid residues such as GD3 and GD1b. Thus, potential ligands for sialoadhesin are likely . . .
9K - last updated 2006-05-06 10:14 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
[[Biochemistry]] ====See Also==== * [[Gel electrophoresis]] ====Description==== Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate . . . binds to the protein in a ratio of approximately 1.4 g SDS per 1.0 g protein (although binding ratios . . . can vary from 1.1-2.2 g SDS/g protein), giving an approximately uniform . . . which interferes with quantification (Deutscher 1990). http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bf/SDS-PAGE.jpg . . .
6K - last updated 2006-05-01 11:58 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Soyasaponins
[[Pharmacology]] ====See Also==== * [[Saponins]] * [[Sialic acid and sialyltransferase dysfunction in . . . http://www.dadamo.com/wiki/soyasaponin-1.jpg [http://www.biosite.dk/leksikon/images/soyasaponin-1.gif . . . anticarcinogenic activity. Nutr Cancer. 2003;47(1):24-33.}}) Soyasaponins appear to be hepatoprotective. . . . H. Hepatoprotective constituents in plants. 14. Effects of soyasapogenol B, sophoradiol, and their . . . to HepG2 cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 2003 Sep;26(9):1357-60}}, {{Kinjo J, Imagire M, Udayama M, Arao T, . . .
9K - last updated 2007-04-25 05:43 UTC by TomGreenfield
Specificity of isoagglutinin response following injection of group substances into group O individuals
[[References]] Specificity of isoagglutinin response following injection of group substances into group . . . BOYD PH.D.]] and FRANCIS C. LOWELL M.D. Blood, 1946, Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 548-554. � 1946 American . . . * [http://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/reprint/1/6/548?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&author1=william+boyd&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-03 12:38 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Spermine
[[Biochemistry]] ====See Also==== * [[Ornithine decarboxylase]] * [[Polyamines]] * [[Putrescine]] ====Description==== . . . of spermine phosphate were first described in 1678, in human semen, by Anton van Leeuwenhoek. The . . . by the German chemists Ladenburg and Abel in 1888, and the correct structure of spermine was not . . . finally established until 1926, simultaneously in England (by Dudley, Rosenheim, . . .
1K - last updated 2006-05-07 21:15 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Subtle bilateral variation
[[Anthropometry]] ====See Also==== ====Three Forms of Subtle Bilateral Variation==== =====Fluctuating . . . and independent. It tends to be small (around 1% of trait size or less) and has become popular as . . . Asymmetry Revisited] . . .
2K - last updated 2006-06-03 11:36 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Teleology
[[Archaeogenetics]] ====See Also==== * [[Cladistics]] ====Definition==== Teleology (telos: end, purpose) . . . organ" ({{De partib., animal., IV, xii, 694b; 13}}). Lucretius replied in support of philosophical . . . feedback) dates back at least to the late 1700s when James Watt's steam engine was equipped with . . . a governor. The 1943 paper "Behavior, Purpose and Teleology" by Arturo . . . and communication in the animal and machine (1948). Cybernetics is the study of the communication . . .
4K - last updated 2006-05-27 12:12 UTC by PeterDAdamo
The composition of specific precipitates in the region of antigen excess
[[References]] ====THE COMPOSITION OF SPECIFIC PRECIPITATES IN THE REGION OF ANTIGEN EXCESS==== Saul . . . Malkiel 1 and [[William Boyd|William C. Boyd Ph.D.]] The Journal . . . Medicine, Vol 66, 383-396, Copyright, 1937, by The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research . . . reaction, is discussed. Submitted on May 27, 1937 * [http://www.jem.org/cgi/reprint/66/3/383?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=1&author1=william+boyd&andorexacttitle=and&andorexacttitleabs=and&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-03 12:27 UTC by PeterDAdamo
The effects of high pressure on hemagglutinating antibodies
[[References]] ====THE EFFECT OF HIGH PRESSURES ON HEMAGGLUTINATING ANTIBODIES==== The Journal of Experimental . . . Medicine, Vol 83, 401-407, Copyright, 1946, by The Rockefeller Institute . . . agglutinating antibodies. Submitted on January 31, 1946 * [http://www.jem.org/cgi/reprint/83/5/401?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=1&author1=william+boyd&andorexacttitle=and&andorexacttitleabs=and&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-03 12:12 UTC by PeterDAdamo
The inhibitory effect of quercetin on IL-6 production by LPS-stimulated neutrophils
[[References]] ====The inhibitory effect of quercetin on IL-6 production by LPS-stimulated neutrophils==== . . . (LPS) at a final concentration of 100 ng/ml for indicated time. The secretion level of . . . quercetin alone did not express IL-6, but LPS (100 ng/ml) induced IL-6 expression of neutrophils. . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-05 10:29 UTC by PeterDAdamo
The malate dehydrogenase system
[[Polymorphism]] ====See Also==== ====Description==== The red cell enzyme malate dehydrogenase is an . . . are uniformly homozygous for one allele SMDH1. Most other alleles are very rare but one is present . . . Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK 1983.}}) ====Links==== * [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/cgi/explore.cgi?pdbId=4MDH . . . * [http://www.arches.uga.edu/~lxyang/bcmb8010/malate%20dehydrogenase.pdf Malate dehydrogenase . . .
2K - last updated 2006-06-05 07:40 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
The red-cell acid phosphatase system
[[Polymorphism]] ====See Also==== ====Description==== The phosphatases are enzymes which catalyse the . . . Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK 1983.}}) ====Links==== ====References==== . . .
1K - last updated 2006-05-14 20:08 UTC by PeterDAdamo
The role of adhesion molecules in atherosclerosis
[[References]] ====The role of adhesion molecules in atherosclerosis.==== Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 1998 . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-04 22:37 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Thomsen-Friedenreich (T-Tn) antigen
[[Serology]] ====See Also==== * [[Mucin]] * [[Galectin 3, hGal-3]] * [[Neo-Springerism]] ====Description==== . . . breast carcinoma immunotherapy. Crit Rev Oncog 1995;6(1):57-85 ====Anti T(Tn) Antibodies==== All humans . . . blood group carbohydrates. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1986 Apr;13(4 Pt 2):1395-401 * Kurtenkov O, Klaamas . . . to ABO(H) blood-group phenotype. Int J Cancer 1995 Mar 16;60(6):781-785 Blood-group-A cancer patients . . . occurring human cytotoxins against them. Cancer 1976 Jan;37(1):169-76 ====Stomach Cancer==== T and . . .
23K - last updated 2006-04-28 21:54 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Thrombospondins
[[Glycomics]] ===See Also==== * [[Glycoproteins]] ====Description==== Thrombospondins (TSP) are secreted . . . proteins. The family consists of thrombospondins 1-5 and can be divided into 2 subgroups: A, which contains . . . TSP-1 and -2, and B, which contains TSP-3, -4 and -5 (also . . . cartilage oligomeric protein or COMP). TSP-1 and -2 are homotrimers, consisting of three identical . . . whereas TSP-3, -4 and -5 are homopentamers. TSP-1 was first isolated from platelets that had been stimulated . . .
2K - last updated 2006-04-25 20:12 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Thymidylate synthase (TS) polymorphism
[[Polymorphism]] ====See Also==== * [[Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism]] * [[5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate . . . or coenzymes of folate metabolism (vitamin B12 and B6). A repeat polymorphism in the TS promoter . . . among Japanese individuals ([[allele]] frequency 19%), but has not been investigated in previous epidemiologic . . . using the substrate, dUMP, and a cofactor, [[5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)|5,10-methylene . . . Colorectal Adenomas===== Cancer Research 62, 3361-3364, June 15, 2002 Cornelia M. Ulrich, Jeannette . . .
6K - last updated 2006-05-26 07:16 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
[[Immunology]] ====See Also==== * [[Interleukin-1 (IL-1)]] * [[Interleukin-6 (IL-6)]] * [[Interleukin-8 . . . in establishing the dorsal-ventral axis. In 1996, Toll was found to have a role in the fly's immunity . . . receptors in mammals were identified in 1997. http://www.dadamo.com/wiki/tlr.jpg [http://www.rndsystems.com/dam_public/5564.jpg . . . Toll-like receptors. Ten TLRs (named simply TLR1 to TLR10) have been identified in humans, and equivalent . . . a gene coding for a protein analogous to TLR10 in humans is present in mice, but appears to have . . .
8K - last updated 2006-05-23 07:33 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Tom Greenfield
====Biographic Information==== 1996: N.D. (Naturopathic Diploma), and D.O. (Diploma in Osteopathy), College . . . London http://www.dadamo.com/bloggers/24/tom.jpg 1998: RCST (Registered Craniosacral Therapist), Craniosacral . . . Therapy Educational Trust, London 1999-2000: Volunteer osteopath, Osteopathic Centre . . . (FifHI) cum laude ====Discussion==== In 1998 when a colleague mentioned a newly published book . . .
1K - last updated 2006-04-21 14:14 UTC by ool-43560f37.dyn.optonline.net
Trp64Arg polymorphism, body composition, insulin resistance and bioimpedance (BIA)
[[References]] ====Energy expenditure, body composition and insulin response to glucose in male twins . . . insulin secretion could play a role. METHODS: In 10 male twin pairs discordant for the Trp64Arg polymorphism, . . .
3K - last updated 2006-05-08 13:06 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene
[[Polymorphism]] ====See Also==== * [[Mutation]] ====Description==== There is a possible association . . . in the ß3-adrenergic-receptor gene. N Engl J Med1995; 333: 343–347}}). Recently a missense [[mutation]] . . . resistance syndrome in Finns. N Engl J Med1995; 333: 348–351[Abstract/Free Full Text}},{{Kadowaki . . . in Japanese subjects. Biochem Biophys Res Commun1995; 215: 555–560}},{{Sakane N, Yoshida T, Umekawa . . . and the insulin resistance syndrome. Diabetologia1997; 40: 200–204}},{{Silver K, Mitchell BD, Walston . . .
3K - last updated 2006-05-24 06:59 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Type 1 hypersensitivity
[[Immunology]] ====Definition==== Type I hypersensitivity in which a person's body is hypersensitised . . .
1K - last updated 2006-04-17 14:51 UTC by dhcp64-134-129-168.wbt.phx.wayport.net
Ubiquitin
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Proteasome]] * [[RNA]] * [[Translation (RNA translation)]] ====Description==== . . . Polypeptide) was first identified in 1975 as an 8.5 kDa protein of unknown function expressed . . . pathway were elucidated in the early 1980s in groundbreaking work performed by Aaron Ciechanover, . . . these extracts, ATP-dependent proteolysis factor 1 (APF-1), was found to become covalently attached . . . an ATP and Mg2+-dependent process. Multiple APF-1 molecules were linked to a single substrate molecule . . .
7K - last updated 2006-07-07 11:47 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1, mitochondrial, proton carrier)
[[Nutrigenomics]] ====See Also==== * [[INSIG2 (Insulin Induced Gene 2)]] * [[Mitochondria]] * [[Trp64Arg . . . of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene]] ====UCP1 uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) . . . [Homo sapiens]==== * Chromosome: 19; Location: 19p11-q11 * Official Symbol: UCP1 and . . . Name: uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) * Gene type: protein . . . coding * Gene name: UCP1 * Gene description: uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, . . .
5K - last updated 2006-06-22 11:45 UTC by PeterDAdamo
Uniformitarianism
[[Concepts]] ====See Also==== * [[Phyletic gradualism]] * [[Punctuated equilibrium]] ====Description==== . . . popularized by British scientists of the late 18th and early 19th centuries: notably James Hutton, . . . Jay Gould]] usefully characterized them, in a 1962 paper, as: 1) Uniformity of law; 2) Uniformity . . . rejected, by Western scientists from the mid-19th century onward. The second and particularly the . . . * [http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/10c.html Concept of Uniformitarianism] ====Attribution==== . . .
3K - last updated 2006-07-01 07:36 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Uracil
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[DNA]] * [[Nucleotide]] * [[RNA]] ====Description==== '''Uracil''' is . . . United States: Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning, 1997.}}). Uracil was originally discovered in 1900 . . . Thy Pyrimidines. Vol 52. New York: Interscience, 1994.}}). Uracil is a planar, unsaturated compound . . . ([http://www.dadamo.com/wiki/wiki.pl/Uracil#1 1]). Uracil, U, undergoes keto-enol tautomeric shifts . . . 1]). The keto tautomer is referred to the lactam . . .
9K - last updated 2006-08-20 07:23 UTC by TomGreenfield
Valine
[[Biochemistry]] ====See Also==== ====Description==== Valine is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. . . . beef, peanuts, sesame seeds, and lentils. In a 1994 report released by five top cigarette companies, . . .
2K - last updated 2006-09-20 06:54 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Von Willebrand factor (vWF)
[[Biochemistry]] ====See Also==== * [[Factor VIII]] * [[Clotting factors]] ====Description==== <b>Von . . . D'/D3 domain, which binds to Factor VIII * the A1 domain, which binds to: ** platelet gp1b-receptor . . . * the A3 domain, which binds to collagen * the C1 domain, in which the RGD domain binds to platelet . . . mediated by a protein cryptically termed ADAMTS13 (acronym of "a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease . . . with thrombospondin type 1 motif no. 13"). It is a metalloproteinase which cleaves . . .
6K - last updated 2007-05-29 03:53 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
What's New
<table><tr><td> http://www.dadamo.com/wiki/coral-sm.jpg </td><td>Articles . . . of molecular evolution" "Motoo Kimura" "TEP1 telomerase-associated protein 1" "Adenine" "Nucleotide" . . .
2K - last updated 2007-08-20 01:47 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
Wiener Theory of Rhesus Inheritance
[[Genomics]] ====See Also==== * [[Fisher-Race Theory of Rhesus Inheritance]] * [[Rhesus (Rh) Blood Group]] . . . has multiple alleles. For example, one gene R1 produces one [[Agglutinin|agglutinogen]] ([[antigen]]) . . . Rh1 which is composed of three "factors": rh', Rh(o), . . .
2K - last updated 2006-09-07 18:37 UTC by TomGreenfield
William Boyd
[[Lectinology]] ====See Also==== * [[AB Isogenes]] * [[A.E. Mourant]] * [[Archaeogenetics]] * [[Blood . . . Immunochemistry, Boston University. Born 4 Mar 1903; died 19 Feb 1983. With his wife Lyle, during . . . the 1930's, Boyd made a worldwide survey of the distribution . . . this basis, he divided the world population into 13 geographically distinct races with different blood . . . by the original [[Hirszfeld and Hirszfeld, 1919|Herschfeld results]] time and again, so frequently, . . .
7K - last updated 2006-08-04 07:44 UTC by TomGreenfield
Zeta-potential
[[Biochemistry]] ====See Also==== * [[Opsonization]] ====Description==== The zeta potential (ZP) theory . . . (Schematic of zeta potential theory.) ] ====Discussion==== . . .
2K - last updated 2006-05-31 07:41 UTC by AlanGoldenberg
273 pages found.